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Metabolism Made Easy

Metabolism Made Easy

By A J Ghalayini, Ph.D.
This podcast describes selected biochemistry content that could be useful to premedical/medical students.
Similar content (podcasts and videos) is available at:MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
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or check out my YouTube channel: Metabolism Made Easy

These podcasts and videos cover selected topics in medical biochemistry.
A J Ghalayini, Ph.D.

Bio for Dr. Ghalayini:

Dr. Ghalayini received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Houston, Houston, Texas. He has over 3 decades of experience in research and medical education as professor of biochemistry at 5 different universities.
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2 Enzymes that Require Vitamin B12
This podcast covers the only 2 enzymes that require Vitamin B12 . This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
00:57
May 08, 2022
Thiamine Requirement: 4 Key Enzymes
This podcast covers the 4 enzymes requiring thiamine as a coenzyme. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
02:48
March 31, 2022
Carbon Skeletons: Glucogenic vs. Ketogenic
This podcast covers the carbon skeletons derived from amino acids and their classification as glucogenic or ketogenic. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:28
February 25, 2022
NADPH: Sources and Uses
This podcast describes the major sources of NADPH and its primary uses in 5 biological reactions. This content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
09:43
February 17, 2022
Malonyl CoA: Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation
This podcast covers the regulation of acetyl CoA Carboxylase allosterically and by covalent modification. The effect of malonyl CoA on beta oxidation of fatty acids is also described. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
08:07
January 28, 2022
Acetyl CoA: Sources and Fates
This podcast describes the molecules that can produce acetyl CoA as well as the possible metabolic fates of acetyl CoA. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:10
December 19, 2021
Metabolism: An Overview
This podcast is an overview of the components of metabolism, namely, catabolism and anabolism and their respective cellular functions. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
11:13
December 12, 2021
Purine Salvage: HGPRT and Hyperuricemia
This podcast covers the purine salvage pathway and the inherited deficiency in the salvage of hypoxanthine and guanine (HGPRT) and its outcome in infants. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG.
11:28
November 16, 2021
Glycolysis vs. Gluconeogenesis: A Futile Cycle?
This podcast covers the mutual regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by allosteric regulators, thus preventing the likelihood of a futile cycle from occurring. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:42
November 10, 2021
Insulin Resistance: Dyslipidemia
This podcast describes the underlying changes associated with insulin resistance and resulting in dyslipidemia. These changes include effects on two key lipases namely, Lipoprotein Lipase and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:11
November 04, 2021
Insulin Resistance II: Hyperglycemia
This podcast describes one of the key outcomes of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, including the specific tissue contributions to the rise in plasma glucose. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:01
November 01, 2021
Insulin Resistance I: Behind The Scene
This podcast describes the underlying changes associated with insulin resistance and its consequences in both plasma and target tissues. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
10:24
October 29, 2021
Biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids: Summary
This podcast is a summary of the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids from their respective carbon skeletons. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
04:32
October 27, 2021
The Pancreas and Insulin Secretion
This podcast describes the signals for insulin secretion by the pancreas and the molecular mechanism behind its secretion by the islets of Langerhans beta cells. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
14:22
October 23, 2021
Citrate: A Master Regulator
This podcast describes the role of cytosolic citrate in regulating glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and providing thd vehicle to transport Acetyl CoA to the cytoplasm where it is needed for lipid synthesis. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:09
October 22, 2021
The LIVER: Detoxifying Organic Molecules
This podcast covers the fifth unique liver function in its ability to detoxify organic molecules by making them more water soluble. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
03:40
October 19, 2021
The LIVER: Detoxifying Ammonia: Role of UREA
This podcast describes the role of the Urea cycle in detoxifying ammonia as the fifth unique function of the liver. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.Similar content is available at:MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
04:03
October 14, 2021
The LIVER: Altruistic Ketogenesis
This podcast describes the unique ability of the liver to synthesize ketone bodies in the mitochondria from Acetyl CoA during fasting. The ketone bodies thus produced can provide an alternative energy source to multiple peripheral tissue including the brain, but excluding the liver. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG -Check out my YouTube channel : https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXy2KYiCd9rlg0JmfA392WrEiOYNu39xn
05:43
October 11, 2021
The LIVER: Cholesterol Central
This podcast describes the second unique role of the liver in cholesterol biosynthesis, storage and uptake of LDL from plasma. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG Check out my YouTube playlist:https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXy2KYiCd9rlg0JmfA392WrEiOYNu39xn
08:40
October 08, 2021
The LIVER: A Glucose Factory
This podcast describes the unique function of the liver in producing glucose during fasting. The liver restores blood glucose through two coordinated processes, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The podcast also covers the key regulation of both processes by glucagon/epinephrine. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
06:21
October 06, 2021
The LIVER: 5 Unique Functions
This podcast covers 5 unique functions that are either exclusive to the liver, or occur mostly in the liver. These functions include: glucose production, cholesterol synthesis, ketone bodies synthesis, the Urea cycle and detoxification of organic molecules. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
06:45
October 04, 2021
Hormone-Sensitive Lipase: 3 Key Features
This podcast describes the key features of hormone-sensirive lipase and its activation by the beta-adrenergic receptor in adipose tissue during fasting. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at:MEDBIOCHEM.ORG or check out my YouTube channel Metabolism Made Easy: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXy2KYiCd9rlg0JmfA392WrEiOYNu39xn
04:05
October 03, 2021
Lipoprotein Lipase: 3 Key Features
This podcast covers 3 key features of Lipoprotein Lipase including its location, unique function and upregulation by insulin. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
04:15
October 02, 2021
Cholesterol biosynthesis III: Statins
This podcast describes the mechanism of action of Statins and how they are able to reduce plasma cholesterol. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
05:45
October 01, 2021
Detoxifying Ammonia: Role of GLUTAMINE
This podcast describes the role of glutamine in detoxifying ammonia produced in peripheral tissues and its transport in the bloodstream for further metabolism and/or disposal of ammonia. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at:MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
04:26
October 01, 2021
Three Amino Acids:Three Carbon Skeletons
This pocast covers the metabolism of alanine, glutamate and aspartate and the carbon skeletons they produce, in addition to their input of nitrogen to the Urea cycle. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG. You can check out my playlist on YouTube for additional videos. Metabolism Made Easy: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXy2KYiCd9rlg0JmfA392WrEiOYNu39xn
05:54
September 29, 2021
Nitrogen input to the Urea cycle: Role of Glutamate
This podcast describes the sources of nitrogen that enter the Urea cycle including the role of 3 enzymes (ALT, AST, GDH) in collecting nitrogen from amino acid metabolism. The role of Glutamate as a sink for nitrogen is also covered. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG or YouTube channel: Metabolism Made Easy.
05:50
September 28, 2021
Methionine and the Vitamin B12 Trap
This podcast describes some of the key features of the essential amino acid methionine, as well as, the role of vitamin B12 and folic acid in its resynthesis from homocysteine. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:44
September 25, 2021
Protein degradation II: Amino acid carbon skeletons
This podcast defines and describes the use of ketogenic and glucogenic carbon skeletons derived from amino acids. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG or Check out my YouTube channel: Metabolism Made Easy.
06:06
September 25, 2021
Can glucose be made from Fat?
This podcasts explains why glucose cannot be made from fatty acid beta oxidation products i.e. Acetyl CoA. Exceptions to this concept are also included. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
04:02
September 23, 2021
Protein degradation I: An overview
This podcast describes protein degradation and some of the signals that target cellular proteins for proteolysis. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
09:45
September 23, 2021
LIPASES: Location, location, location
This podcast describes 4 types of important lipases with unique locations and functions. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
12:14
September 20, 2021
Nucleotides and Chemotherapy: An overview
This podcast covers the strategy of targeting 3 enzymes in nucleotide biosynthesis by chemotherapy drugs. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
07:24
September 08, 2021
Triacylglycerol: You are what you eat!
This podcast describes the composition, digestion and reassembly of triacylglycerol from the diet. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
05:35
September 04, 2021
CREATING an effective presentation: Less is more
This podcast provides a simple approach for creating and organizing an effective in class or online presentation.
04:13
September 03, 2021
Insulin and Glucagon Metabolic Effects
This podcast describes the key metabolic effects of insulin and glucagon in various tissues. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
20:52
September 02, 2021
Writing A Research Grant Proposal
This podcast describes the basics of writing and organizing a research grant proposal in the life sciences.
12:53
September 01, 2021
Eicosanoids and Inflammation
This podcast describes the synthesis of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid as well as their key roles in inflammation. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
14:50
August 31, 2021
Eicosanoids: Leukotrienes
This podcast describes the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid and their role in hypersensitivity reactions. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
07:30
August 31, 2021
Omega-6 vs Omega-3 Eicosanoids
This podcast describes the two different eicosanoids derived from linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively and their relative effects in in the inflammatory response. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
03:31
August 31, 2021
Eicosanoids and vascular health
This podcast covers the two major eicosanoids prostacyclin and thromboxzne A2 and their role in the maintenance of vascular health. The role of Aspirin in vascular health is also covered. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
06:30
August 30, 2021
Cholesterol biosynthesis II: HMG CoA reductase
This podcast covers the regulation of HMG CoA reductase by hormones, cholesterol and statins. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
05:23
August 21, 2021
Cholesterol biosynthesis I
This podcast summarizes the steps of cholesterol biosynthesis starting with acetyl CoA as the precursor. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
05:08
August 19, 2021
Cholesterol: An overview
This podcast summarizes the key features about cholesterol including dietary intake, biosynthesis and key roles in normal cellular and tissue functions. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
04:12
August 17, 2021
Organizing intermediary metabolism
This podcast covers 5 key questions to ask that will help students organize intermediary metabolic pathways. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
04:26
August 16, 2021
Adenylate cyclase termination signals
This podcast covers the two signals that terminate the effects of cAMP following receptor activation. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
02:39
August 15, 2021
5 myths about fat
This podcast defines the term, fat and addresses 5 myths about our understanding and perception of fat in the diet. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
07:52
August 13, 2021
Rapid fire: Insulin and Glucagon effects
This podcast summarizes the key metabolic effects of Insulin and Glucagon in various tissues. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
06:59
August 12, 2021
Organizing Glycolysis: 5 questions to ask
This podcast covers 5 important questions to ask about glycolysis that could be helpful in organizing the pathway (and other pathways), while focusing on key information about the pathway. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
03:12
August 10, 2021
Electron Transport Chain III: Inhibitors and uncouplers
This podcast covers the inhibitors, uncouplers, adnenine nucleotide translocase inhibitors, the effect of hypoxia, as well as the regulation of the Electron Transport Chain. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
18:47
August 10, 2021
Electron Transport Chain II: The details
This podcast covers the complexes of the Electron Transport Chain, the flow of electrons, the enzymes involved and the synthesis of ATP at complex V. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
27:16
August 09, 2021
Electron Transport Chain I: An overview
This episode covers the role of the Electron Transport Chain in coverting high energy molecules into usable energy in the form of ATP. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
11:07
August 09, 2021
The 4 fates of pyruvate
This podcasts covers the 4 possible fates of pyruvate. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
03:20
August 05, 2021
Glucose to CO2: energy output
This podcast covers the total energy output from glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase and the TCA cycle starting with glucose. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
07:42
August 05, 2021
The TCA cycle II
This podcast covers the regulation of the cycle and other key regulatory roles of citrate. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
07:60
August 04, 2021
The TCA cycle I
This podcast covers the enzymes in the TCA cycle and its energy output. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
23:22
August 04, 2021
Fuel reserves during fasting
This podcasts covers the major fuel stores (reserves) available during fasting. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
04:26
August 03, 2021
Lactate dehydrogenase
This podcast covers lactate dehydrogenase and lactic acidosis. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
02:57
July 31, 2021
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and thiamine
This podcast covers pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and thiamine deficiency clinical outcomes. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
03:35
July 31, 2021
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
This episode covers pyruvate dehydrogenase, coenzyme requirements and its regulation in detail. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
34:07
July 31, 2021
The Urea cycle II
This podcast covers the regulation of the Urea cycle, the detoxification of ammonia in peripheral tissues as well as some important clinical correlates. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
18:21
July 30, 2021
The Urea cycle I
This podcast covers the steps in the Urea cycles including the sources of nitrogens that enter the cycle. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
18:23
July 30, 2021
Pyruvate kinase and red blood cells
This episode covers the regulation of pyruvate kinase and the effect of enzyme deficiency on red blood cells. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
08:03
July 29, 2021
Signal transduction VI: Alpha1-adrenergic receptor
This podcast describes the activation of the alpha1-adrenergic receptor and the production of the second messengers DAG, IP3 and calcium. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
16:22
July 17, 2021
Signal transduction V: Beta-adrenergic receptor
This podcast describes the activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor and the generation of the second messenger, cAMP in detail. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
15:18
July 17, 2021
Signal transduction IV: GPCRs and Second messengers
This podcast provides an overview of G-protein coupled recertors (GPCRs) and Second messengers. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
10:07
July 17, 2021
Signal transduction III: Receptor tyrosine kinases
This podcast describes the activation of receptors tyrosine kinase receptors. This biochemistry content may be useful to medical and premedical students.
04:22
July 17, 2021
Signal transduction II: Steroid receptors
This podcast describes the mechanism of action of steroid receptors and the types of cellular responses they ellicit. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
05:43
July 17, 2021
Signal transduction I : an overview
This podcast describes the 4 types of receptors involved in cellular signaling. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
15:45
July 17, 2021
Enzyme inhibition
This podcasts describes the various types of enzyme inhibition with some specific examples. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
13:50
July 16, 2021
Enzyme regulation
This podcast summarizes the major types of enzyme regulatory mechanisms. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
09:28
July 15, 2021
Folic acid and vitamin B12: an overview
This podcasts covers the major reactions where tetrahydrofolate and B 12 are needed. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
18:53
July 13, 2021
Disposal of Nitrogen/Ammonia: An overview
This podcast describes the packaging and disposal of ammonia. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
03:06
July 11, 2021
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
This podcast describes the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction and its regulation. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
06:05
July 10, 2021
Plasma Glucose: Alcohol and Hypoglycemia
This podcast describes the effect of alcohol metabolism on depleting important gluconeogenic intermediates, namely, pyruvate, oxaloacetate and Glyceradehye 3-P by a rise in NADH. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
03:47
July 09, 2021
Aminotrsnsferases: ALT and AST
This podcast covers the reaction details and regulation of the aminotransferases ALT and AST. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
08:40
July 08, 2021
Protein digestion: Zymogens and transaminases
This podcast provides an overview of protein digestion in the small intestine including the mechanism of activation of zymogens. An introduction to transaminases is also covered. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
11:08
July 08, 2021
Macro and micronutrients: an overview
This podcast describes the major nutrients in the diet and their overall catabolism to produce energy. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
06:33
July 07, 2021
Gluconeogenesis II
This podcast describes the latter steps of gluconeogenesis and covers the key regulatory molecules of the pathway. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
17:22
July 07, 2021
Gluconeogenesis I
This podcasts covers the key bypass steps in gluconeogenesis and their regulation (part I). This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
28:22
July 05, 2021
Nucleotides II
This podcast describes the biosyhthesis of pyrimidenes and summarizes some of the cancer therapeutic strategies targeting nucleotide biosynthesis. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
18:32
July 04, 2021
Nucleotides I: Purine biosynrhesis
This podcasts describes some of the key features of purine biosynthesis including important therapeutic strategies for disrupting nucleotide synthesis. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
18:25
July 04, 2021
The fasting state
This podcast describes the key metabolic changes in various organs during the fasting state. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
27:04
June 27, 2021
The well-fed state
This podcast describes the major metabolic changes associated with the various organs during the well-fed state. This biochemistry content may be useful for premedical and medical students.
20:24
June 27, 2021
Glycolysis IV: The last 6 steps
This podcast covers the last 6 steps in glycolysis from Aldolase A to Lactate dehydrogenase. Key regulation of the entire pathway is also covered. This biochemistry content may be useful to premed and medical students.
24:43
June 24, 2021
Glycolysis III: PFK1
This podcast describes the regulation of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) in some detail and its allosteric activation by fructose 2, 6 -bis- phosphate. This biochemistry content might be useful to premedical and medical students.
23:12
June 23, 2021
Glycolysis II: Hexokinase and Glucokinase
This podcast describes the first step in glycolysis and covers the properties of the two isozymes hexokinase and glucokinase in some detail. This biochemistry content might be useful to premedical and medical students.
10:36
June 23, 2021
Glycolysis I: an overview
This podcast presents an overview of glycolysis including some tissue specific aspects of the pathway. This biochemistry content may be useful for premed and medical students.
15:28
June 23, 2021
Glucose transporters: 7 distinct transporters
This podcast describes the key features and tissue distribution of the various types of glucose transporters. This biochemistry content may be useful to premed and medical students.
07:40
June 22, 2021
Maintenance of plasma glucose: 4 processes that consume or produce glucose
This podcast describes the metabolic processes responsible for maintenance of normal glucose levels in the plasma. This biochemistry content may be useful to premed and medical students.
10:08
June 22, 2021
Signal Transduction II: G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
This podcast covers thd mechanism of activation of two GPCRs: The beta- adrenergic and the alpha1-adrenergic receptors. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
34:43
June 03, 2021
Signal Transduction I: 4 distinct classes of receptors.
This podcast covers the four major classes of receptors and their mechanism of activation to generate a cellular response. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
47:09
May 31, 2021
The glucagon receptor: Activation and cellular responses
This podcast describes the activation of the glucagon receptor and some of its key metabolic effects. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
15:20
May 26, 2021
Metabolic effects of glucagon
This podcast summarizes the key metabolic effects of glucagon. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
11:22
May 25, 2021
Metabolic effects of Insulin
This podcast describes the major metabolic effects of insulin in various tissues. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students.
09:19
May 23, 2021
The Insulin receptor: Activation and cellular responses
This podcast describes the activation of the Insulin receptor and some of the cellular responses associated with insulin binding to its receptor.
14:46
May 22, 2021
Ketone bodies
This podcast briefly describes the synthesis and function of ketone bodies.
03:19
May 20, 2021
Metabolism Made Easy: Insulin secretion and synthesis
The podcast describes the secretion and synthesis of insulin by the pancreas.
23:29
May 13, 2021