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Metabolism Made Easy

Metabolism Made Easy

By A J Ghalayini, Ph.D.

This podcast describes selected biochemistry content that could be useful to premedical/medical students.
Similar content (podcasts and videos) is available at:
medbiochem.org/

or check out my YouTube channel: Metabolism Made Easy

These podcasts and videos cover selected topics in medical biochemistry.
A J Ghalayini, Ph.D.

Bio for Dr. Ghalayini:

Dr. Ghalayini received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Houston, Houston, Texas. He has over 3 decades of experience in research and medical education as professor of biochemistry at 5 different universities.
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Currently playing episode

Electron Transport Chain III: Inhibitors and uncouplers

Metabolism Made EasyAug 10, 2021

00:00
18:47
Hormones & Receptors: 4 Distinct Types

Hormones & Receptors: 4 Distinct Types

This podcast covers the four different classes of receptors that illicit intracellular signals, including steroid receptors, ion channel receptors, receptor enzymes, and G-protein coupled receptors.
Mar 25, 202402:16
Insulin Effects on Carbohydrate & Lipid metabolism

Insulin Effects on Carbohydrate & Lipid metabolism

This episode summarizes the key effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including the processes that are activated by insulin and the ones inhibited by it.
Mar 13, 202403:55
Enzyme Inhibition

Enzyme Inhibition

This podcast describes 4 distinct types of enzyme inhibitors and their mechanism of inhibition, including: substrate analogues, toxins, allosteric inhibitors, and heavy metals.
Mar 01, 202404:26
Glycolysis: Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase

Glycolysis: Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase

This podcast covers the regulation of pyruvate kinase allosterically and by hormone-dependent (insulin & glucagon) covalent modification.
Feb 19, 202408:33
Metabolism in The Well-Fed State

Metabolism in The Well-Fed State

This podcast covers the metabolic changes in various organs and key organ uses of the available nutrients in the bloodstream.
Feb 05, 202404:28
The Brain Loves Glucose

The Brain Loves Glucose

With the exception of ketone bodies, the brain is entirely dependent on glucose as an energy source under most circumstances. Glucose is oxidized all the way to CO2 by the brain, producing up to 38 ATPs. This catabolism is dependent on oxygen, which is used to convert the energy in NADH and FADH2 to ATP through the Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation.
Jan 19, 202402:44
DIETARY TRIACYLGLYCEROL (Fat): Digestion, Absorption & Storage

DIETARY TRIACYLGLYCEROL (Fat): Digestion, Absorption & Storage

This podcast covers the digestion of the major dietary fat, triacylglycerol, including digestion uptake into intestinal mucosa, delivery through the bloodstream, uptake and storage of fatty acids from chylomicrons in the bloodstream.
Jan 04, 202404:35
Transport of Ammonia by Glutamine

Transport of Ammonia by Glutamine

This podcast describes the transport of ammonia produced in peripheral tissues by incorporating it into glutamine through glutamine synthase. Glutamine is transported in the bloodstream to either the liver or kidney for further metabolism.
Dec 14, 202304:07
Metabolism During Fasting

Metabolism During Fasting

This podcast provides an overview of metabolic changes associated with fasting, including key metabolic changes in the liver and adipose tissue. The liver will increase its output of glucose and ketone bodies, while adipose tissue will provide fatty acids to the bloodstream for other peripheral tissues to use during fasting.
Nov 07, 202308:32
METABOLISM: A Biochemical Summary

METABOLISM: A Biochemical Summary

This podcast summarizes the key biochemical components of metabolism, including: 1. definition; 2. cellular location; 3. the major catabolic pathways; 4. the 3 stages of catabolism; 5. the 12 major metabolic uses of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids; 6. the energy output of catabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies.
Sep 14, 202314:53
Enzyme Regulation

Enzyme Regulation

This podcast covers 5 distinct enzyme regulatory mechanisms and their effects on enzyme structure and activity.
Sep 05, 202309:16
The Urea cycle : Key Features and Enzymes

The Urea cycle : Key Features and Enzymes

This podcast covers the function and the location of the urea cycle, including some key features and the sequence of the enzymes as well as their location.
Jul 27, 202311:12
TRANSAMINASES: Amino acid degradation

TRANSAMINASES: Amino acid degradation

This podcast covers the role of transaminases the initial step in the degradation of amino acids. This includes the role of glutamate dehydrogenase in producing ammonia. The ammonia and aspartate produced are then able to enter the urea cycle in the liver.
Jun 28, 202304:12
Adipocytes, lipolysis, and energy reserves

Adipocytes, lipolysis, and energy reserves

This podcast covers the role of adipocytes in energy storage and their role in initiating lypolysis of stored triacylglycerols to provide various tissues with fatty acids as a energy source. The role of fatty acid Beta-oxidation in providing energy from both dietary or stored triacylglycerols is also covered.
Jun 16, 202305:41
The Cori Cycle

The Cori Cycle

This podcast covers the details of the conversion of lactate produced during exercise to glucose in the liver and ultimately releasing it to the bloodstream.
May 24, 202300:59
Regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

Regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

This pocast covers the regulation of the Rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA Carboxylase allosterically, and by covalent modification.
May 02, 202302:09
Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis

Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis

This podcast covers the regulation of HMG CoA Reductase by hormones, covalent modification, cytoplasmic cholesterol, and statins.
Apr 24, 202305:26
What is Metabolism?

What is Metabolism?

This podcast defines metabolism and its two distinct components: anabolism and catabolism. The major compartments involved in both are also covered. If you like this podcast, feel free to donate to the podcast.
Apr 10, 202302:04
Dietary Components: 12 distinct uses

Dietary Components: 12 distinct uses

This podcast covers the distinct uses of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their unique roles in metabolism.
Apr 03, 202303:04
What happens when we fast: The plasma sources of glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies

What happens when we fast: The plasma sources of glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies

This podcast covers the key role of the liver and adipose tissue in providing energy sources to the plasma during fasting. The liver is the provider of glucose and fatty acids, while adipose tissue provides fatty acids to the bloodstream.
Mar 20, 202306:10
What a ketogenic diet teaches us about metabolism?

What a ketogenic diet teaches us about metabolism?

While following a ketogenic diet, maintenance of plasma glucose is essential for several tissues. The amino acids derived from dietary proteins will provide the carbon skeletons for glucose synthesis by the liver, while the triacylglycerols from dietary fat will provide the energy for various tissues through Beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
Mar 10, 202304:18
3 GPCRs: 4 second messengers

3 GPCRs: 4 second messengers

This podcast covers the production of cAMP by activation of either the beta-adrenergic receptor or the glucagon receptor as well as the activation of the alpha1-adrenergic by epinephrine to produce IP3, DG and calcium.
Mar 06, 202303:09
The 3 Stages of Catabolism
Feb 22, 202302:59
Major Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates and Fat

Major Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates and Fat

This podcast covers the major pathways for catabolism of glucose and fatty acids, including the ATP output from their complete degradation to CO2. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Feb 09, 202304:02
NSAIDS, Cortisol and Inflammation

NSAIDS, Cortisol and Inflammation

This podcast covers the target enzymes of NSAIDS and cortisol and their respective effects on inflammation. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Jan 18, 202302:20
Covalent Modification II: Regulation of Enzymes by Phosphorylation

Covalent Modification II: Regulation of Enzymes by Phosphorylation

This podcast covers the effect of phophorylstion/dephosphorylation by protein kinases and phosphatases on enzyme activity. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Jan 13, 202304:40
Insulin, phosphatases and the well-fed state

Insulin, phosphatases and the well-fed state

This podcast covers the activation of the Insulin receptor resulting in activation of an intracellular protein phosphatase. The deposphorylation of eight enzymes is also covered. This dephosphorylation results in profound effects on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Jan 04, 202304:06
Insulin Effects in 6 minutes

Insulin Effects in 6 minutes

This podcast describes the key tissue effects of insulin in the well-fed state including its effects on liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Also covered are the effects of insulin on regulating key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Similar content is available at:
MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Dec 20, 202205:44
Digestion, Reassembly, Absorption, and Storage of Dietary Triacylglycerol

Digestion, Reassembly, Absorption, and Storage of Dietary Triacylglycerol

This podcast describes the digestion, reassembly, absorption and storage of dietary Triacylglycerol including the role of pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Dec 08, 202205:41
FASTING, Glucagon and Liver Glucose Ouput

FASTING, Glucagon and Liver Glucose Ouput

This podcast describes the liver output of glucose during fasting and its regulation by glucagon. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Nov 25, 202203:57
Covalent Modification of Enzymes

Covalent Modification of Enzymes

This podcast covers the phosphorylation of enzymes by protein kinases that modify specific hydroxyl residues in enzymes. This content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar biochemistry content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Nov 16, 202200:60
Reduction of Plasma Cholesterol by Statins

Reduction of Plasma Cholesterol by Statins

This podcast describes the specific mechanism by which statins reduce plasma cholesterol. The reduction of cholesterol synthesis by statins in effect, will result in the upregulation of the LDL receptor and increased uptake of LDL from plasma. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Sep 15, 202203:25
Insulin Effects on Liver, Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Insulin Effects on Liver, Muscle and Adipose Tissue

This podcast describes the specific metabolic effects of insulin on liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Sep 15, 202204:40
Adenylate Cyclase: 7 Key Features

Adenylate Cyclase: 7 Key Features

This podcast covers the key components of the adenylate cyclase system including receptor activation, G-protein involved, activation of adenylate cyclase , production of cAMP, activation of PKA and termination of the actions of cAMP . Also included is a historical perspective of the discovery of G-proteins the adeylate cyclase system.
Sep 03, 202210:17
Reversal of PKA Effects by Insulin
Sep 01, 202201:46
Phosphorylation of Key Enzymes by PKA and AMP kinase
Sep 01, 202206:06
Cortisol and Inflammation

Cortisol and Inflammation

This podcast describes the effect of cortisol on eicosanoid biosynthesis and its resulting anti-inflammatory effects. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Aug 10, 202204:25
Insulin and Enzyme Dephosphorylation
Aug 10, 202209:01
Phospholipase C. 6 Key Features
Jul 08, 202208:37
2 Enzymes that Require Vitamin B12

2 Enzymes that Require Vitamin B12

This podcast covers the only 2 enzymes that require Vitamin B12 . This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
May 08, 202200:57
Thiamine Requirement: 4 Key Enzymes

Thiamine Requirement: 4 Key Enzymes

This podcast covers the 4 enzymes requiring thiamine as a coenzyme. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Mar 31, 202202:48
Carbon Skeletons: Glucogenic vs. Ketogenic

Carbon Skeletons: Glucogenic vs. Ketogenic

This podcast covers the carbon skeletons derived from amino acids and their classification as glucogenic or ketogenic. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Feb 25, 202205:28
NADPH: Sources and Uses

NADPH: Sources and Uses

This podcast describes the major sources of NADPH and its primary uses in 5 biological reactions. This content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Feb 17, 202209:43
Malonyl CoA: Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation

Malonyl CoA: Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation

This podcast covers the regulation of acetyl CoA Carboxylase allosterically and by covalent modification. The effect of malonyl CoA on beta oxidation of fatty acids is also described. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Jan 28, 202208:07
Acetyl CoA: Sources and Fates

Acetyl CoA: Sources and Fates

This podcast describes the molecules that can produce acetyl CoA as well as the possible metabolic fates of acetyl CoA. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Dec 19, 202105:10
Metabolism: An Overview

Metabolism: An Overview

This podcast is an overview of the components of metabolism, namely, catabolism and anabolism and their respective cellular functions. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Dec 12, 202111:13
Purine Salvage: HGPRT and Hyperuricemia

Purine Salvage: HGPRT and Hyperuricemia

This podcast covers the purine salvage pathway and the inherited deficiency in the salvage of hypoxanthine and guanine (HGPRT) and its outcome in infants. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG.
Nov 16, 202111:28
Glycolysis vs. Gluconeogenesis: A Futile Cycle?

Glycolysis vs. Gluconeogenesis: A Futile Cycle?

This podcast covers the mutual regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by allosteric regulators, thus preventing the likelihood of a futile cycle from occurring. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Nov 10, 202105:42
Insulin Resistance III: Dyslipidemia

Insulin Resistance III: Dyslipidemia

This podcast describes the underlying changes associated with insulin resistance and resulting in dyslipidemia. These changes include effects on two key lipases namely, Lipoprotein Lipase and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Nov 04, 202105:11
Insulin Resistance II: Hyperglycemia

Insulin Resistance II: Hyperglycemia

This podcast describes one of the key outcomes of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, including the specific tissue contributions to the rise in plasma glucose. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG
Nov 01, 202105:01