The Ortho Talk Podcast

This week we're joined by recurring guest Akhil Sharma, MD. Akhil is currently completing his intern year in Pennsylvania. We discuss residency and research years for applicants. 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com    

References from this episode:  

None

This week we're joined by recurring guest Ken Lam, MD. Ken is currently finishing his trauma fellowship and we talk about the nuances of trauma, what to look for in a trauma job, and what he should look for next year in practice. 

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References from this episode: 

None

This week we're joined by recurring guest Midhat Patel, MD. Midhat is a 4th year resident in Arizona. On this episode we take a deep dive into fellowship interviews, whether fellowships are necessary, and construct the ideal fellowship. 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com

References from this episode:

Steadman-Hawkins Article

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/05/sports/olympics/skiing-crashes-injuries.html

This week we're joined by a panel of first and second year medical students to discuss the profession. What are resident and attending schedules like? Is the orthopedic stereotype true? What worries you about the match process? What is the favorite part about your job? What used to be a good aspect of your job that has changed? 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

References from this episode: 

None

This week we're joined by Brendan Holderread. Brendan is a 4th year medical student who recently applied to orthopedic surgery this past cycle. Double digit virtual aways? What is it like to not match? How did you adjust your strategy to the virtual interview and aways? Are unpaid research years a form of exploitation? What will you change going forward next year? Did you consider switching specialties? Why do radiologists not help us out on post op imaging?  

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: 

None  

This week we're joined by Michael Iloanya, MD. Dr. Iloanya is a PGY-2 at Tulane in New Orleans, LA. What is it like to have the pager for the first time? Why are we taught things in residency that don't apply in practice? What are the aspects of being a community orthopedist that nobody tells you about? Why can academics be good and bad for a fresh surgeon? What do you do if you don't match?  

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

References from this episode: 

None

This week we're joined by Dr. Scott Porter. Dr. Porter is a professor of orthopedic oncology at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville. He serves on the board of the American Orthopedic Association, American Board of Orthopedic Surgery, and is a former residency program director at GHS. This week we spend most of the discussion on entrepreneurship, getting an MBA, and his new project Just Cause Scrubs.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: 

Just Cause Scrubs 

https://justcausescrubs.com/ 

From Cancer Surgeon to Entrepreneur  

https://justcausescrubs.com/from-cancer-surgeon-to-entrepreneur

This week we're joined by a recurring fan favorite, Akhil "The Real Deal" Sharma. Akhil has joined us in the past to document his application journey to orthopedic surgery residency. This week we check in after universal offer day and before he begins interviews. We bounce around interview questions, talk the do's and dont's of virtual interviews, and even do a bit of a mock interview. 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video.  We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com     

References from this episode:    

None from this episode

This week we're joined by Hilda Kriel, MD. Dr. Kriel is a pediatric orthopedic surgeon at Baylor Scott and White Hospital in Temple, Texas. She also happens to have been our chief resident. We reminisce about our time as residents, talk about our current practices, and discuss the adjustment periods in the lives of young surgeons. 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. 

We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com   

References from this episode:   

None from this episode

This week we're joined by Dr. Bill Weiss. Dr. Weiss is a clinical professor at UTMB in Galveston. Dr. Weiss specializes in sports medicine, arthroscopy, and foot and ankle surgery. This week we get into COVID and vaccines, the business of sports medicine, and his transition to his new job.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

 References from this episode: 

None from this episode

This week we're joined by Mark Foreman, MD. Dr. Foreman is an orthopedic surgeon at UTMB in Galveston, TX. He currently serves as the program director there. We talk about his journey from private practice to academics, the role of a general orthopedist, what a program director looks for in an applicant, and his military service and purple heart. 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:  

None for this episode  

This week we're joined by Sunny Patel, MD. Dr. Patel is the first anesthesiologist to come on the podcast. He did most of his training at Mount Sinai in New York and now practices in Houston, TX. We break down the opioid epidemic and its correlation to orthopedic surgery, anesthesia vs surgery, and much more.  Like, subscribe, comment on the video. 

We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:  

None for this episode

This week we're joined by Lisa Cannada, MD. Dr. Cannada is a very accomplished orthopedic traumatologist. She served as the first female chair of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Board of Directors' Board of Specialty Societies from 2017-2018 and has published more than 130 research papers and two textbooks. She also is the former president of the Ruth Jackson Orthopedic Society. She has served as a mentor to countless medical students and residents. Most importantly, she has been able to maintain a thriving family life on top of all this. We discuss how she has managed to balance work and family, how to get more women into orthopedics, how men can serve as mentors for women in orthopedic surgery, and how to survive your first few years in practice.  

You can find Dr. Cannada on Twitter @LisaCannada  Like, subscribe, comment on the video. 

We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:  

Sexual harassment in orthopedic surgery trainees  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32956144/  

Whicker E, Williams C, Kirchner G, Khalsa A, Mulcahey MK. What Proportion of Women Orthopaedic Surgeons Report Having Been Sexually Harassed During Residency Training? A Survey Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2020 Aug 26. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001454. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32956144.  

Women do less complex surgeries than their male counterparts?  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32941284/  

Chen YW, Westfal ML, Chang DC, Kelleher CM. Under-Employment of Female Surgeons? Ann Surg. 2020 Sep 15. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004497. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32941284.  #medicine #orthopedics #surgery #doctor #medschool #residency

This week we're joined by Ronald Navarro, MD. Dr. Navarro is an orthopedic sports medicine surgeon in southern California. Dr. Navarro is the regional chief of orthopedic surgery for Kaiser Permanente, a role involving the supervision of over 200 orthopedic surgeons across 13 medical centers in the southern California region. We break down his unique perspective regarding the benefits and downsides of being a hospital employed physician, his role in leadership, and the prospects for the future of quality and value based care in orthopedic surgery.   

You can find Dr. Navarro on Twitter @BoneDoc95  

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:  

none  

This week we're joined by Akhil Sharma. Akhil is a fourth year medical student in Miami currently applying to orthopedics. We spend the episode recapping his application cycle to this point, how he's handling away rotations during the pandemic, changes to the application process, and online away rotations and webinars. This episode is informative for both students, residents, and faculty! 

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: 

none 

This week we're joined by Midhat Patel, MD. Dr. Patel is a resident in Arizona. We spend a good amount of time just talking about our first week of being faculty and how it differs from training. We discuss EMR difficulties, clinic workflow issues, and how people treat you differently as faculty. We also spend time discussing Midhat’s spelling bee failures and the dangers of football (again).  

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:

 Open vs Arthroscopic knee washouts 

 Bovonratwet P, Nelson SJ, Bellamkonda K, et al. Similar 30-Day Complications for Septic Knee Arthritis Treated With Arthrotomy or Arthroscopy: An American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(1):213-219. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2017.06.046 

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28866341/  

This week we're joined by Sean Thompson, MD. Dr. Thompson is a private orthopedic surgeon in the New York metropolitan area. He completed his orthopedic surgery residency at SUNY Stony Brook and an arthroplasty fellowship at NYU. He began his career in academics but transitioned to a solo practice years later. We discuss this transition and what it has meant for both his family and professional life. We also discuss his experiences through the pandemic, how he manages to run and maintain a successful solo practice in a major metropolitan area, and how he maintains a strong work-life balance.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:  

Declining Football Related Head Injuries in the Youth  

Kuehn BM. Football-Related Head Injuries Decline Among Children and Teens. JAMA. 2020;324(8):734. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14163  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32840603/  

This week we're joined by Amelia Bueche, DO. Dr. Bueche is a physician, author, podcaster, and physician mental health coach. She specializes in neuromusculoskeletal medicine and osteopathic manipulative medicine. She also serves as a physician life coach with a particular interest in helping with burnout. We discuss the concept of burnout, its manifestations, physician confidence, mental health, and what we can do to prevent it.    

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  Dr. Bueche's blog, podcast, and contact information can all be found on her website: thisosteopathiclife.com.   

References from this episode:

Is medical training a human rights violation? 

https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2019/06/our-doctors-are-suffering-from-human-rights-violations-in-medicine.html

This week we're joined by Dustin Schuett, DO. Dr. Schuett is a joint arthroplasty surgeon at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego, CA. Dr. Schuett also serves as the AAOS Social Media Ambassador Program Chair. Dr. Schuett is one of the most prominent social media voices in orthopedics. We discuss his path to military orthopedics, how social media has influenced his career, the industry-surgeon relationship, and his unique path to medicine from a lower socioeconomic background.  

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

Follow him on twitter @djschuett and follow Naan Derthaal DO @NaanDerthaal

 References from this episode: None

This week we're joined by Erin Dunlap, MD. Dr. Dunlap is a current PGY-4 at UTMB. We discuss her path to orthopedics, the challenges she's faced along the way, and her ongoing pursuit of an arthroplasty fellowship.  

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

References from this episode:  

CT scan for traumatic knee arthrotomies  Konda SR, Davidovitch RI, Egol KA. Computed tomography scan to detect traumatic arthrotomies and identify periarticular wounds not requiring surgical intervention: an improvement over the saline load test. J Orthop Trauma. 2013;27(9):498-504. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e31828219bc  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23287770/ 

This week we're joined by Chris Sheu, MD. Dr. Sheu is a sports medicine surgeon at Skagit Regional Health in Mount Vernon, WA. We reminisce about residency, discuss the transition to fellowship and being a junior attending, adapting to new techniques, growing up in Sugar Land, TX (a hotbed for medical professionals), and, of course, weight lifting.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:  

Achilles tear nonop vs operative treatment 

 Willits K, Amendola A, Bryant D, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a multicenter randomized trial using accelerated functional rehabilitation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(17):2767-2775. doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.01401  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21037028/  

Achilles tears PARS vs open treatment 

Hsu AR, Jones CP, Cohen BE, Davis WH, Ellington JK, Anderson RB. Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Percutaneous Achilles Repair System Versus Open Technique for Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(11):1279-1286. doi:10.1177/1071100715589632  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26055259/

This week we're joined by Selene Parekh, MD, MBA. Dr. Parekh is a foot and ankle surgeon at Duke, entrepreneur, innovator, and fantasy football commentator. We discuss his views on innovation, business and medicine, and how he got his start commenting on fantasy football injuries.   Like, subscribe, comment on the video. 

This week we're joined by Midhat Patel, MD. Dr. Patel is a resident in Arizona. We discuss his new blogpost on burnout and day trading as well as the recent #medbikini trend.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode:

 "Everything is Bullshit" 

https://www.midhatpatelmd.com/blog/everything-is-bullt  

The vascular surgery study has since been retracted, but the repercussions can be found on our twitter page @orthotalkpod.

This week we're joined by Akhil Sharma. Akhil is a fourth year medical student currently applying to orthopedics. We discuss the challenges of applying during a pandemic, his decision to do a research year before applying, and tips for standing out on an ortho rotation!  

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

 References from this episode: 

 Research publications in orthopedic match 

 Kheir, Michael M. MD1; Tan, Timothy L. MD2; Rondon, Alexander J. MD, MBA2; Chen, Antonia F. MD, MBA, AOA3,a The Fate of Unmatched Orthopaedic Applicants, JBJS Open Access: April-June 2020 - Volume 5 - Issue 2 - p e20.00043 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.20.00043   

https://journals.lww.com/jbjsoa/fulltext/2020/06000/the_fate_of_unmatched_orthopaedic_applicants__risk.21.aspx

This week we're joined by Dr. Ned Amendola. Dr. Amendola is the current sports medicine director at Duke University, former AOSSM president, and a world renowned surgeon for both sports medicine and foot and ankle surgery. Dr. Amendola has an impressively accomplished career including over 200 publications and multiple leadership roles in multiple societies. This week we discuss his journey in orthopedics, meeting the pope, being a team physician, and being a mentor.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com 

 References from this episode:  None this week

This week we're joined by "Dr. Joe Jo". Dr. Jo is a female resident, somewhere in this country (maybe). We break down her experience in orthopedics, her current pregnancy and the challenges surrounding that, as well as what's special about her favorite bone! 

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: 

 Gender bias in surgery

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32432703/

 Greenberg CC, Greenberg JA. Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Surgical Training: Is It Really Women Residents We Need to Worry About? [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 20]. JAMA Surg. 2020;10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1561. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1561 

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31617875/ 

Park KY, Chaiet SR, Greenberg CC. Diversity and Inclusion-One Size Does Not Fit All [published online ahead of print, 2019 Oct 16]. JAMA Surg. 2019;10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4082. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4082  

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30048312/ 

Pories SE, Turner PL, Greenberg CC, Babu MA, Parangi S. Leadership in American Surgery: Women are Rising to the Top. Ann Surg. 2019;269(2):199-205. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002978

This week we're joined by Dr. Jeremy Somerson. Dr. Somerson is a shoulder and elbow trained assistant professor at UTMB in Galveston, Texas. We get into his experience with Covid, teaching philosophies, arthroscopy simulators, and ABOS part 2.   

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: None

This week we're joined by Dr. Bill Weiss. Dr. Weiss is a clinical professor at the Texas Tech HSC at El Paso and the Paul Foster School of Medicine. Dr. Weiss specializes in sports medicine, arthroscopy, and foot and ankle surgery. This week we get into numerous topics including the dark side of health care administration, sports medicine, the Canadian healthcare system, and doing three fellowships.  

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: 

The dark side of the business of healthcare:

  McIntyre LF, Beach WS. A Rigged Game: Surgeon Reimbursement Under the Resource-Based Relative Value System, Current Procedural Terminology, and the Affordable Care Act [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 19]. Arthroscopy. 2020;S0749-8063(20)30423-0. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2020.05.010  

LaPrade MD, Camp CL, Brockmeier SF, Krych AJ, Werner BC. The Cost of Outpatient Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repairs: Hospital Reimbursement is on the Rise While Surgeon Payments Remain Unchanged [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 30]. Arthroscopy. 2020;S0749-8063(20)30315-7. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2020.03.038  

ACL graft options  

MOON Knee Group, Spindler KP, Huston LJ, et al. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in High School and College-Aged Athletes: Does Autograft Choice Influence Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Rates?. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(2):298-309. doi:10.1177/0363546519892991  

Smith PA, Cook CS, Bley JA. All-Inside Quadrupled Semitendinosus Autograft Shows Stability Equivalent to Patellar Tendon Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Randomized Controlled Trial in Athletes 24 Years or Younger. Arthroscopy. 2020;36(6):1629-1646. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2020.01.048

This week we're joined by Dr. Scott Porter. Dr. Porter is a professor of orthopedic oncology at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville. He serves on the board of the American Orthopedic Association, American Board of Orthopedic Surgery, and is a former residency program director at GHS. Somehow we barely discussed any of this and really got into biases, diversity in orthopedics, and the world today.  

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. Links to all of our episodes as well as our platforms can be found at www.orthotalkpod.com  

References from this episode: 

Hear Dr. Porter fully discuss his stance on biases here: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWBobD2FTbw&t=143s

This week we are joined by Dr. Chike Akoh. Chike is an orthopedic surgeon currently finishing his foot and ankle fellowship at Duke University after finishing a sports medicine fellowship last year. We discuss his reasoning for doing two fellowships, the AAOS statement on diversity, and double standards in research.  

 Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform.  

 References mentioned in the pod:

 AAOS statement on George Floyd https://twitter.com/AAOS1/status/1267250328728207360  

ABOS statement on changes to this years Part II Exam https://www.abos.org/2194-2/

Dr. Michael Iloanya, a PGY-1 in New Orleans, joins us this week to discuss his non-traditional path to orthopedics, basketball, healthcare disparities, and much more. 

Like, subscribe, comment on the video. We're also on iTunes, Spotify, and any other podcast platform. 

No articles discussed this week.

Dr. Midhat Patel, a PGY2 orthopedics resident in Arizona, joins the podcast to discuss things like our favorite bones, business ideas, business in medicine, and fasting in residency.   

You can follow him on twitter @midpatelmd and read his blog/website one www.midhatpatelmd.com 

 References mentioned in the pod: 

Anterior knee pain with hamstring autograft

Mohtadi NG, Chan DS. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Patellar Tendon, Hamstring Tendon, and Double-Bundle ACL Reconstructions: Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes at 5-Year Follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(11):949‐960. doi:10.2106/JBJS.18.01322 

Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31169571/

Dr. Ray Chen joins us this week to discuss his view of the COVID crisis from his seat as a hospitalist in one of New York City's biggest hospital. Oh, and murder hornets, we discuss them too.   

No literature discussed this week

Dr. Brittney Warren joins the podcast to discuss fellowship matching, step 1 being pass/fail, diversity in orthopedics, and much more. 

References mentioned in the pod:

Do fellowship trained surgeons do better than generalists?

APA Virkus, Walter W. MD; Wetzel, Robert J. MD; McKinley, Todd O. MD; Sorkin, Anthony T. MD; Cheesman, Jeffrey S. MD; Hill, Lauren C. BS, CCRC; Kempton, Laurence B. MD Costs and Radiographic Outcomes of Rotational Ankle Fractures Treated by Orthopaedic Surgeons With or Without Trauma Fellowship Training, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: June 15, 2018 - Volume 26 - Issue 12 - p e261-e268

doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00687 

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29787464

Opportunity cost of fellowship

Mead, Matthew MD; Atkinson, Theresa PhD; Srivastava, Ajay MD; Walter, Norman MD The Return on Investment of Orthopaedic Fellowship Training, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: October 29, 2019 - Volume Publish Ahead of Print - Issue - doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00276

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31688369

Evolution of fellowship

Harner, Christopher D. MD, FAOA1,a Collaboration Will Create a More Uniform Fellowship Educational Experience: Presidential Address to the AOA, June 28, 2019, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: April 15, 2020 - Volume 102 - Issue 8 - p e34 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00152

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=32058353

Women in Orthopedic Specialties J Surg Educ. 2020 May - Jun;77(3):564-571. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.12.007. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

 Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31932218  

J Surg Educ. 2020 May - Jun;77(3):491-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.12.014. Epub 2020 Jan 16.

 Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=addressing+gender+related+bias+in+surgical+education