Reductions

Paul and Howard talk about rotator cuffs, those four muscles around your shoulder that often go awry and sometimes really hurt. There is a Fairly Crap Transcript™ here. Topics: What are rotator cuffs anyway? Tossing, tools, and trees: the evolutionary history of shoulders  What happens if part of your rotator cuff goes, you know, missing? Pretty much everyone over 45 has rotator cuff problems. Most don't notice.  The future of fixing -- and/or not fixing -- rotator cuff problems Related Readings: Shoulder MRI Findings in People with NO Shoulder Pain: Are Some Tears “Normal” Calcific Tendonitis — What is it? Fossil hominin shoulders support an African ape-like last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete who, when he isn't rehabbing, is also a venture investor. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon. Music & Disclaimers: Crossing the Chasm, Kevin MacLeod. Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

We got lots of questions on our recent episode about air, exercise, and wildfires, so here is a short, deeper dive into the topic. We gave Howard the episode off, so I have a special guest, Christopher T. Migliaccio, a Research Assistant Professor in Immunology at the University of Montana. His main research interest is how environmental particulates in the respiratory system affect pulmonary immunology, and he is doing ongoing work on the effect of wildfires on pulmonary function.  There is a Fairly Crap Transcript™ here.  Topics Covered: Lung immunology and the role of macrophages The medium-term health effects of multi-day exposure to smoke, based on a cohort study of Montana's 2017 wildfires Consequences of particulate for lung infections, from influenza to coronavirus  Related Links Christopher T. Migliaccio main page Research profile Alveolar Macrophages in Lung Inflammation and Resolution Montana 2017 wildfires Credits Crossing the Chasm Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Wholesome by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5050-wholesome License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Paul and Howard talk about air, exercise, lung function, and breathing in an age of wildfires and coronavirus. There is a fairly crap transcript here. Topics: Viruses and exercise A primer on lung function during exercise How much outdoor exercise is safe when air quality is lousy Best ways to limit your pollutant exposure Related Readings: Can air pollution negate the health benefits of cycling and walking? Air Pollution–Mediated Susceptibility to Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Influence of CCR2 Pathways in Mice Should You Stop Exercising During Wildfire Season? Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities Companies/Products Mentioned: Plume Labs IQAir Blue Air Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete who, when he isn't rehabbing, is also a venture investor. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon. Music & Disclaimers: Crossing the Chasm Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Wholesome by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5050-wholesome License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk about healthy aging, from cell death, to diet, to centenarians, and exercise in-between. Financial geek that he is, Paul sneaks in a little riff about pension fraud too. There is a fairly crap transcript here. Topics: Healthspan vs lifespan, squaring the curve Cellular housekeeping and whether it can be catalyzed Diets -- good, bad, and simple What we can learn from centenarian studies, and where are their flaws Readings and Books Mentioned: Muscle mass and longevity Squaring off the lifespan curve  Metabolic health and our muscles, tendons, and joints Supercentenarian and remarkable age records exhibit patterns indicative of clerical errors and pension fraud Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete who, when he isn't rehabbing, is also a venture investor. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon. Music & Disclaimers: Crossing the Chasm Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk about the doubt industry, medical skepticism, and Dr. Google as a force for good. Sometimes. Maybe.  Topics: How views of medicine have changed over the last hundred years What is causing the current wave of medical skepticism? Data democratization vs ... other stuff Effect sizes, blockbuster therapies as parachutes, and the decline thereof The future of medical democratization  Readings and Books Mentioned: ‘But I Saw It on Facebook’: Hoaxes Are Making Doctors’ Jobs Harder Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Climate Change Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most The Butchering Art Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete who, when he isn't rehabbing, is also a venture investor. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon. Music & Disclaimers: Crossing the Chasm Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Wholesome by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5050-wholesome License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk about sports injury imaging, from x-rays and MRI, to ultrasound.  Topics: What are the main tools for imaging injuries? When are these tools most useful? When are they not?  Why Paul thinks he should be on a frequent imaging program The future of imaging, from machine learning, to handhelds, to potentially doing it less routinely Readings: You cannot unsee your MRI report Should We MRI All Patients With Joint Pain? Video: How dangerous are magnetic things near an MRI? Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete who, when he isn't rehabbing, is also a venture investor. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon.  Music & Disclaimers: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk about their own current injuries, how and why they happened, why it's frustrating, and what they're doing to get past it. Maybe. Topics: What happened to Paul (plantar fasciitis) and to Howard (stress fracture) Why these injuries happened How we respond to injuries, a phases of grief model, with some shouting Getting to the other side of being an injured athlete Readings: Ginger Runner: I'm Injured, and It's Ok!  Running. Back to Basics. Base Building Music & Disclaimers: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk about injuries, how and why they happen, and why they keep coming back. Topics: Why injuries happen Acute vs chronic injuries The origins of overuse problems Training errors and injury cycles Becoming a resilient athlete  Readings: Running. Back to Basics. Base Building Training Errors and Other Causes of Tendinopathy in Runners Music & Disclaimers: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk about balancing, but not the financial kind. Topics: How we balance  Why balance is overlooked but so important to health and fitness Why falls are so common and so hard on people as we age Myths about balancing How to improve your balance Readings: Resistance and balance exercise to live longer and healthier Balance exercises Music & Disclaimers: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard discuss how medicine is changing, and how some common procedures and ideas that were once accepted practice are being abandoned. They also talk about the merits of shouting at your legs, and whether it's possible to mainline red wine. Topics: Why some procedures become accepted practice, despite poor evidence The "six weeks" myth in recovering from a soft tissue injury Examples of common procedures being rethought, or abandoned altogether Some candidates for future medical reversals How the coronavirus is creating a natural experiment in which procedures are necessary Readings: Fear and surgical decision making Medical Reversal: Why We Must Raise the Bar Before Adopting New Technologies Natural experiments Music: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply, and can be heard at the end of the episode.

Paul and Howard talk running, knees, and osteoarthritis. Topics include: Does running cause arthritis?  Can I run if I have degenerative osteoarthritis?  Biomechanical models of the knee Repairing the knee What we can learn from professional athletes, if anything Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete and a venture capitalist. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon. --------------------------------- Music: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply, and be heard at the end of the episode).

Paul and Howard talk about the effects of the current epidemic on exercise, fitness, and injury. Topics include:  The difficulty some people have had getting enough exercise Overuse injuries The worried-well and over-thinking things Going to gyms in a pandemic Hikers with sharp sticks Lung function and pulse oximeters Bios: Paul Kedrosky is a frequently injured athlete and a venture capitalist. Howard Luks is a top sports orthopedic surgeon.  --------------------------------- Music: "Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Disclaimers apply (at the end of the episode).