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Wonderer's History Podcast

Wonderer's History Podcast

By Vlad Zamfira

Welcome to the Wonderer's History Podcast. My name is Vlad Zamfira, history and archaeology graduate (MA) from the University of Aberdeen Scotland with a Certificate of Postgraduate Studies also in Venetian and Mediterranean History in the 16th century. History enthusiast, podcast lover and avid historical culture consumer. Focused on the study of Venetian History with additional interest in overall Italian history, Malta, Cyprus, the Ottoman Empire and Spain during Charles V and Phillip II. This podcast will feature all of this and much more so stay tuned for more content!
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Currently playing episode

Skanderbeg and the anti-Ottoman resistance in the Balkans

Wonderer's History PodcastJul 18, 2020

00:00
13:32
The Grand Strategy of Philip II -- An essential Geoffrey Parker history book

The Grand Strategy of Philip II -- An essential Geoffrey Parker history book

In this episode I summarize and recommend one of Prof. Parker's most detailed books about Philip II of Spain.

Mar 11, 202405:11
Fernand Braudel's The Mediterranean & the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II -A Masterpiece

Fernand Braudel's The Mediterranean & the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II -A Masterpiece

In this video I briefly explain why I think Braudel's The Mediterranean & the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (both volumes but more specifically vol.2) is not only one of my favourite books but In my opinion one of the best early modern history books ever written and an invaluable resource for anyone interested in this history of the Mediterranean, be it Spain, Venice, Italy, Ottoman empire or Northern Africa.

Mar 11, 202417:01
Just catching up

Just catching up

Wanted to wish everyone a belated happy new year and let you briefly know what I would like to do with this channel in 2024

Jan 02, 202403:11
History of Patrick Simson, A Scottish Merchant in the 17th century Moldavian Potash trade

History of Patrick Simson, A Scottish Merchant in the 17th century Moldavian Potash trade

In this detail I summarised the story of a very wealthy and influential Scot in 17th Century Eastern Europe (Poland but also Moldavia), based on the account of E. D. Tappe and Paul Ricaut ( available here https://www.jstor.org/stable/4204348?seq=1) Could not find images of Scottish Merchants in any of the Moldavian trading centres such as Iasi during the early modern period so just used a commons painting -- A view of Danzig in 1575, vital to Scottish grain supply and the site of a colony of Scottish merchants (Public Domain) Intro and outro -- excerpts of Yonder Hill and Dale - Aaron Kenny (YouTube Audio Library also Public Domain) Subscribe to the channel if you haven't done so already.

Sep 27, 202309:43
Oppenheimer - A history biopic done right

Oppenheimer - A history biopic done right

Bit late, just wanted to talk a bit about what I think is one of the best movies of this year and a cinematic masterpiece.

Sep 03, 202308:38
My preview of Oppenheimer

My preview of Oppenheimer

A belated preview of one of my most anticipated movies of the year.

Sep 03, 202306:53
A perspective on Stanley Kubrick's Napoleon movie project

A perspective on Stanley Kubrick's Napoleon movie project

In light of the latest release the trailer of Ridley Scott's Napoleon, movie. I propose to look back at one of the most impressive unfinished projects in Cinematic history: Stanley Kubrick's Napoleon Movie.


Music from YouTube Audio Library.

Jul 12, 202337:35
Concluding observations of Cyprus at the end of the 16th century- Account of Cotovicus

Concluding observations of Cyprus at the end of the 16th century- Account of Cotovicus

Ioannes Cotovicus (Iohann van Kootwyck), a doctor of Civil and Canon Law In the University of Utrecht, Sailed from August 2 1598, touched at Limassol September 12, and sailed from Larnaca September 19 for Sidon, Jaffa & Jerusalem. On March 25 1599 he touched again at Larnaca and visited Nicosia and Famagusta. Make sure to subscribe to the channel to never miss any new material from the podcast. Map of Cyprus by Piri Reis (public domain via commons)

Jun 05, 202313:57
A Papal Legate's visit to Ottoman Cyprus- Account of Girolamo Dandini in 1596

A Papal Legate's visit to Ottoman Cyprus- Account of Girolamo Dandini in 1596

Today we look at a document written by Girolamo Dandini, Professor of Theology at Perugia, sent in 1596 by Pope Clement VIII as a nuncio to the Maronites of Lebanon. From August 8th when he visited Limassol, then Larnaca and Nicosia until the 27th when he left for Tripoli. He would return to Larnaca on March 19th 1597 and departed for Venice on April 12th. Intro & outro excerpts of Cantus Firmus monks (available via YouTube audio library)

Apr 24, 202313:59
Can one use Chat GPT for learning history?

Can one use Chat GPT for learning history?

In a final experiment of this miniseries I ask Chat GPT a few more questions with some interesting responses given.


Source of the photo: Pexels.com

Apr 11, 202311:04
I asked Chat GPT which century is more important- 16th or 17th

I asked Chat GPT which century is more important- 16th or 17th

In this episode I wanted to check with Chat GPT and see what it says about the 16th and 17th centuries and why these centuries were so important.

Mar 14, 202307:29
I asked Chat GPT some questions about Venetian History

I asked Chat GPT some questions about Venetian History

In this episode I wanted to check what Chat GPT thinks about Venetian history in general and who was the most important doge. Some interesting answers came up.   

SUBSCRIBE to the channel if you haven't done so already to never miss any new materials from the podcast.

Mar 05, 202307:21
The aftermath of the Ottoman Conquest of Cyprus- Villamont's account in 1589

The aftermath of the Ottoman Conquest of Cyprus- Villamont's account in 1589

In this episode we look at the account of Seigneur de Villamont in Cyprus in 1589 and how things have change from the years of Venetian rule.

Subscribe to the channel if you haven't done so already!  Image: Map of Cyprus by Piri Reis (via commons/public domain)

Feb 21, 202314:54
The last moments of Venetian Cyprus at Famagusta- Paulo Paruta

The last moments of Venetian Cyprus at Famagusta- Paulo Paruta

In this episode I discuss briefly about what happened at the end of the Ottoman Siege of Famagusta which concluded Venice's loss. For more information on this please visit episode 4 of the Podcast which looked at the Demise of Marcantonio Bragadin.

Next episodes will look at a few accounts which covered Ottoman Cyprus between 1573 and 1620.

Subscribe to the channel if you haven't done so already.  Intro & outru Doug Maxwell Arabian Nights via Youtube's Audio Library (public domain & free to use)

Feb 21, 202308:26
A Christmas message & plans for the podcast in 2023

A Christmas message & plans for the podcast in 2023

A few ideas about the next year and what themes I will want to cover in a new series (Hint: has to do with the Thirty Years' War & more). Wishing my listeners a Happy Christmas & holiday season. 

Dec 26, 202205:57
The late Venetian response after Selim II's Divan- (Diedo's account PART 2)

The late Venetian response after Selim II's Divan- (Diedo's account PART 2)

In this episode we continue the account of Venetian Senator Diedo from the account Excerpta Cypria looking at the late reactions of the Venetians, who found themselves once again in the need of assistance from the Papacy and Spain.

Dec 26, 202207:11
Selim II and the Divan before the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus (Diedo's account part 1- Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean)

Selim II and the Divan before the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus (Diedo's account part 1- Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean)

In this episode of the Travelers Diaries of the 16th century Mediterranean, we look at the first part of Venetian Senator Giacomo Diedo's accont (from Excerpta Cypria).   

Equestrian portrait of Sultan Selim II by Lambert de Vos, 1574 (public domain via wiki commons)

Nov 14, 202209:18
Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Giovanni Sozomeno in Nicosia 1570

Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Giovanni Sozomeno in Nicosia 1570

A new account from Excerpta Cypria, Materials for a history of Cyprus, written by travellers who were in Venetian Cyprus throughout the 16th century. This one belongs to Giovanni Sozomeno present during the Ottoman Siege of Nicosia in 1570 who was subsequently taken prisoner. Editor mentioned this account was initially meant for Cosimo di Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany who passed away in 1574.  

Subscribe to the channel to never miss any new material from the podcast!

Sep 26, 202218:16
Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Fabriano Falchetti in Nicosia 1570

Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Fabriano Falchetti in Nicosia 1570

A new account from Excerpta Cypria, Materials for a history of Cyprus, written by travellers who were in Venetian Cyprus throughout the 16th century. This one belongs to Fabriano Falchetti present during the Ottoman Siege of Nicosia in 1570 who was subsequently taken prisoner.  

Intro & outro excerpts from Wild Fires - Doug Maxwell (available for free on YouTube's Audio Library)  

Map of the siege of Nicosia, by Giovanni Camoccio, 1574 (via wiki commons)

Jul 18, 202212:15
An update on the podcast & plans for the future

An update on the podcast & plans for the future

Bit of an informal episode this one, just wanted to post an update on the podcast, current series, and what I hope to achieve and move on to what I will hope will be a great over-arching series looking at events of the Thirty Years' War (hence using this illustration {public domain via commons} from Les Grandes Misères de la guerre (The Great Miseries of War) by Jacques Callot, 1633).

Jul 11, 202207:30
Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Christopher Furer in Cyprus & Nicosia 1566

Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Christopher Furer in Cyprus & Nicosia 1566

A new account from Excerpta Cypria, Materials for a history of Cyprus, written by travellers who were in Venetian Cyprus throughout the 16th century. This one belongs to Chritophori Fureri who visited Cyprus in the spring of 1566.  

Intro & outro excerpts from Arabian Nightfall - Doug Maxwell (available for free on YouTube's Audio Library)  

Map of Nicosia in Cyprus, created in 1597 by the Venetian Giacomo (Jacomo) Franco (1550-1620) for his book Viaggio da Venetia a Constantinopoli per Mare (via wiki commons)

Jun 14, 202216:55
Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Elias of Pesaro in Cyprus & Famagusta 1563

Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Elias of Pesaro in Cyprus & Famagusta 1563

A new accounts from Excerpta Cypria, Materials for a history of Cyprus, written by travellers who were in Venetian Cyprus throughout the 16th century. This one belongs to Italian Elias of Pesaro, Italian traveller who was forced to station in Cyprus while on route to the Holy Lands in 1563, because of concerns over plague hit regions near the Syrian harbours.

Intro & outro- excerpts of Drunken Sailor - Cooper Cannell (available via YouTube audio library)

May 16, 202212:17
Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- John Locke in Cyprus 1553

Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- John Locke in Cyprus 1553

A new accounts from Excerpta Cypria, Materials for a history of Cyprus, written by travellers who were in Venetian Cyprus throughout the 16th century. This one belongs to John Locke (not the philosopher), English traveller who stopped in Cyprus on route to the Holy Lands in 1553.

May 03, 202215:48
Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Greffin Affagart in Cyprus 1534

Traveller Diaries in the 16th Century Mediterranean- Greffin Affagart in Cyprus 1534

The next episodes will look at accounts from Excerpta Cypria, Materials for a history of Cyprus, written by travellers who were in Venetian Cyprus. The first episode looks at Greffin Affagart , Seigneur de Courteilles, short account of Cyprus in 1534.   

Subscribe to the channel!

Apr 19, 202208:55
History of 16th century Venice & Venetian Doges (Full summary)

History of 16th century Venice & Venetian Doges (Full summary)

A recap episode of all the episodes of the 16th century Venetian Doges mini-series, part of the broader Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe Series.   

All paintings public domain via Wiki Commons  

Intro & Outro Free to use via YouTube Audio Library   

TIMESTAMPS:  00:00:00 - Intro  
00:04:00 - Doge Leonardo Loredan (1500-1521)
00:24:56 - Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538)
00:55:51 - Doge Girolamo Priulli (1559-1567)
1:05:33 - Doge Pietro Loredan (1567-1570)
1:14:09 - Doge Alvise I Mocenigo (1570-1577)
1:22:44 - Doge Sebastiano Venier (1577-1578)
1:27:14 - Doge Nicolò da Ponte (1578-1585)
1:32:50 - Doge Pasquale Cicogna (1585-1595)

Mar 21, 202201:37:18
History of Venice & Doge Pasquale Cicogna (1585-1595)

History of Venice & Doge Pasquale Cicogna (1585-1595)

Continuing the mini-series looking at some of the most important doges in 16th century Venetian History (part of the wider Rulers & Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe series) about Doge Nicolò da Ponte (1578-1585). Subscribe to the channel!

Painting: Palma il Giovane, "Pasquale Cicogna in Dogal Robes Visiting the Church and Hospital of the Crocifer", 1568–87.

Intro & Outro Excerpts Aaron Kenny -Baroque letter (public domain use via YouTube Audio Library)

Mar 14, 202205:18
History of Venice & Doge Nicolò da Ponte (1578-1585)

History of Venice & Doge Nicolò da Ponte (1578-1585)

Continuing the mini-series looking at some of the most important doges in 16th century Venetian History (part of the wider Rulers & Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe series) about Doge Nicolò da Ponte (1578-1585). Apologies to the very nasal voice, got hit by a heavy cold recently. Subscribe to the channel!  

Portrait of Nicolò da Ponte by Palma Giovane.  

Intro and outro from Doug Maxwell's "Lost in Prayer" available on YouTube's Audio Library

Mar 02, 202207:06
Statement of solidarity with the Ukrainian people

Statement of solidarity with the Ukrainian people

My thoughts are with everyone in Ukraine defending their homes, families and country.   For listeners based in the UK if you can you can donate to the appeal made by the British Red Cross : https://donate.redcross.org.uk/appeal/ukraine-crisis-appeal

Image from pexels.com by Kostiantyn Stupak  

Let there be peace soon, Slava Ukraina & Slava Ukraini!

Also remembering On this day (27 Feb) 2015 Boris Nemtsov who was ruthlessly assassinated while being in Moscow to help organize a rally against the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and the Russian financial crisis. Vichnaya Pamyat. 

Feb 27, 202201:39
History of 16th century Popes series- VIDEO TRAILER

History of 16th century Popes series- VIDEO TRAILER

A video trailer (mainly for spotify podcasts) prefacing the new miniseries looking at some of the most important Popes in 16th century History. From Julius II, to Medici Popes Leo X & Clement VII to Pius IV & V, make sure to tune in once the current series looking at Venetian Doges of the 16th century finishes.

Paintings all public domain via commons  

Song-Excerpt from Cantus Firmus Monks (free to use via YouTube Audio Library)

Feb 18, 202200:52
History of Venice & Doge Sebastiano Venier (1577-1578)

History of Venice & Doge Sebastiano Venier (1577-1578)

Continuing the mini-series looking at some of the most important doges in 16th century Venetian History (part of the wider Rulers & Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe series) about Doge Sebastiano Venier (1577-1578) with a bit of background on his involvement & role at Lepanto in 1571.   

Outro public domain via YouTube Audio Library

Feb 10, 202205:40
History of Venice & Doge Alvise I Mocenigo (1570-1577)

History of Venice & Doge Alvise I Mocenigo (1570-1577)

Continuing the mini-series looking at some of the most important doges in 16th century Venetian History (part of the wider Rulers & Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe series) about Doge Alvise I Mocenigo (1570-1577) .

Detail of painting by Tintoretto showing Alvise I Mocenigo and his family before the Madonna. (Public Domain)  

Intro & Outro public domain via YouTube Audio Library

Feb 03, 202210:07
History of Venice & Doge Pietro Loredan (1567-1570)

History of Venice & Doge Pietro Loredan (1567-1570)

Continuing the mini-series looking at some of the most important doges in 16th century Venetian History (part of the wider Rulers & Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe series) about Doge Pietro Loredan.  

Paintings- public domain via wiki commons (Palma il Giovane- Doge Pietro Loredan_Beseeching the Virgin)  

Audio- public domain via YouTube Audio-Library

Jan 17, 202210:10
History of Venice & Doge Girolamo Priuli (1559-1567)

History of Venice & Doge Girolamo Priuli (1559-1567)

Third episode of the miniseries looking at the history of some of the most important Doges in the History of the Venetian Republic, part of the wider Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe.

Doge Girolamo Priuli, whose rule preceded the events of the 4th Ottoman-Venetian War of Cyprus.

Painting by Tintoretto (Public domain via wiki commons)  

Intro and Outro- Public Domain excerpts via YouTube Audio Library

Jan 04, 202211:25
Christmas message, retrospective of 2021 and updates for 2022

Christmas message, retrospective of 2021 and updates for 2022

Last video of the year from  @Wonderer's History Podcast  . Few of the plans for next year, make sure to subscribe to never miss a video.   

Intro & outro excerpts from Christmas Village- by Arran Kenny available as public domain via YouTube Audio library.

Happy Christmas/Holidays to everyone!

Dec 23, 202107:01
History of Venice & Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538) FULL EPISODE

History of Venice & Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538) FULL EPISODE

Second episode of the miniseries looking at the history of some of the most important Doges in the History of the Venetian Republic, part of the wider Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe. Andrea Gritti, the Fabius Maximus of Venice and crucial military and diplomatic figure in 16th Century Venetian History.  

Paintings & images all public domain via commons (painting by Vincenzo Catena)  

Subscribe to the channel to never miss any new history material from the podcast!  

Intro and outro excerpts from Doug Maxwell's "Solo Cello Passion" (public domain) available on YouTube's audio library

Dec 12, 202132:21
History of Venice & Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538) PART 2

History of Venice & Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538) PART 2

Second part of episode 2 of the miniseries looking at the history of some of the most important Doges in the History of the Venetian Republic, part of the wider Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe. Andrea Gritti, the Fabius Maximus of Venice and crucial military and diplomatic figure in 16th Century Venetian History.   

Paintings & images all public domain via commons  

Intro and outro excerpts from Doug Maxwell's "Solo Cello Passion" (public domain) available on YouTube's audio library

Nov 30, 202118:44
History of Venice & Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538) PART 1

History of Venice & Doge Andrea Gritti (1523-1538) PART 1

Second episode of the miniseries looking at the history of some of the most important Doges in the History of the Venetian Republic, part of the wider Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe. Andrea Gritti, the Fabius Maximus of Venice and crucial military and diplomatic figure in 16th Century Venetian History.  

Painting by Titian- public domain via commons

Intro and outro excerpts from Doug Maxwell's "Solo Cello Passion" (public domain) available on YouTube's audio library

Nov 16, 202115:40
Ranking the most important Sieges 16th century Mediterranean

Ranking the most important Sieges 16th century Mediterranean

Ranking the most important Sieges in the 16th century Mediterranean

Nov 05, 202146:28
RANKING some of the most important NAVAL BATTLES of the 16th century Mediterranean

RANKING some of the most important NAVAL BATTLES of the 16th century Mediterranean

In this trial video I talk about 6 of the most important naval battles of the Mediterranean. Apologies for any noises in the background ,at times the slow pacing, still trying to get used to making this sort of episode (which was a video tier list episode posted on YouTube a few months ago). Stay tuned for the next tier-list type of episode, next one will look at the most important sieges in the Mediterranean.



Oct 31, 202137:47
History of Venice & Doge Leonardo Loredan 1501-1521
Sep 26, 202121:44
Introduction- Doges of the 16th Century Venetian Republic (A short history)

Introduction- Doges of the 16th Century Venetian Republic (A short history)

A brief introduction to what will be a mini-series (still part of the Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean and Europe Miniseries) which will look at the rules of some of the most important Doges of Venice.   

Images- All public domain via commons  (Map of Venice by Piri Reis)

Intro & Outro- excerpts of Cantus Firmus Monks (fDoug Maxwell free to use via YouTube Audio Library)

Sep 02, 202104:41
Philip II of Spain and the 16th Century Mediterranean

Philip II of Spain and the 16th Century Mediterranean

In this episode I briefly explore Philip II of Spain's influence over the Mediterranean in the second half of the 16th century, as he was arguably one of the most important monarchs of the 16th century. For more episodes of the podcast and of the series rulers and monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean make sure to subscribe to the channel.   

Outro - excerpt of A Baroque Letter by Aaron Kenny (public domain available on YouTube Audio Library)  

All images public domain via commons

Aug 24, 202122:07
Philip II of Spain and the 16th century Mediterranean (Introduction)

Philip II of Spain and the 16th century Mediterranean (Introduction)

This is a brief introduction to what will be a much longer episode about Philip II, his actions and policies in the Mediterranean, his fight against the Ottomans and the tensed relations with the Venetians and the Ottomans.  

Images part of public domain via commons  

Song- excerpt from Etherial Choir Ascends - Doug Maxwell (free to use via YouTube Audio Library)

Jul 29, 202106:10
A short history of Francis I, King of France (1515-1547)

A short history of Francis I, King of France (1515-1547)

In this episode I talk about a few of the main landmarks of Francis I, king of France (1515-1547), his rivalry with Charles V and alliance with the Suleiman the Magnificent and the Ottomans. Part of the Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean & Europe series

Music- excerpt from A Baroque Letter - Aaron Kenny (free to use via YouTube Audio Library)

Images are public domain via commons.

Jul 15, 202110:17
A short history of Holy Roman Emperors Ferdinand I & Maximilian II

A short history of Holy Roman Emperors Ferdinand I & Maximilian II

A short history Holy Roman Emperors Ferdinand I & Maximilian II, their rules during and after Charles V. Apologies in advance for the nasally voice, I've just recovered from having a very strong cold.  

All images public domain via commons.

Jun 21, 202111:10
Short History of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor & King of Spain (FULL EPISODE) 1500-1558

Short History of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor & King of Spain (FULL EPISODE) 1500-1558

The full episode from beginning to end of the short history of Charles V, part of the rulers and monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean series.

All images are public domain via wiki commons.  

Intro and outro excerpters of Doug Maxwell's- Lost in Prayer (public domain via YouTube Audio-Library)

Jun 03, 202101:20:42
Final Years of Charles V (1555-1558), his abdication, letter to Philip II, death and legacy

Final Years of Charles V (1555-1558), his abdication, letter to Philip II, death and legacy

The last episode of the Short History of Charles V mini series, part of the Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean series. Talking about the events after the abdication of Charles V, the letter to his son and next king of Spain, Philip II.   

Subscribe to the channel to never miss any new material from the podcast.

Intro and outro excerpts from Doug Maxwell's Lost in prayer, public domain available via YouTube Audiolibrary

May 20, 202133:39
Introduction to the Historian's Proust Questionnaire- My Answers!

Introduction to the Historian's Proust Questionnaire- My Answers!

The beginning of a series of interviews I've been planning for a while, part of which will be my adaptation and version to Proust's Questionnaire for historians, academics, independent researchers and history podcasters.

Apr 22, 202137:35
Charles V- A Short History Part IV 1541-1555

Charles V- A Short History Part IV 1541-1555

The 4th part of the Brief History of Charles V, part of the Rulers and Monarchs of the 16th century Mediterranean Series.   

All images are public domain via wiki commons.

Intro and outro excerpters of Doug Maxwell's- Lost in Prayer (public domain via YouTube Audio-Library)

Apr 07, 202112:11
Charles V- A Short History Part III 1530-1540

Charles V- A Short History Part III 1530-1540

Third part of the the Short History of the rule of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. Looking at events such as the 1530 Diet of Augsburg, 1535 Conquest of Tunis, Spanish involvement in the 1538 Holy League against the Ottomans and more.

Intro and outro excerpters of Doug Maxwell's- Lost in Prayer (public domain via YouTube Audio-Library)  

All maps and images public domain via wiki commons.

Mar 05, 202112:03