Borders in Globalization Podcast

#30 BIG Podcast - “Democracy, Migration Studies and Border Studies: Bridges and/or Gaps” - With: Oliver Schmidtke, Political scientist, Director of the Center for Global Studies – Victoria, Canada; (PART 1)

Classically, Migration Studies explore all mobility regimes of human groups. There is a spectrum of public policies ranging from the migration of high-skilled workers to refugees. For the Migration Studies, national borders provide a form of social closure. Traditionally, Borders refer to issues that are fundamental to political community (state sovereignty, territorial delimitation, national security, political identity). And for this reason, borders are also instruments for regulating flows, policy tool for inclusion/exclusion. Several authors have pointed out a form of gap between Border Studies and Migration Studies. That there was a lack of cross-fertilization between these two research traditions. And some populist and nationalist discourses can exploit the ambivalence of the borders and the confusion around it. We will discuss about all the relations between democracy, migration and borders and get answers with Oliver Schmidtke.

Websites:

With: David J. Breeze – British archaeologist and scholar of Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine's Wall and the Roman army; Chairman of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies from 2000 to 2015

The history of the Roman Empire is intertwined with the control of the entire Mediterranean Sea and reached at its peak 5 million km² for 60 million inhabitants. The empire was heterogeneous and expanded through conquests and was maintained through a network of frontiers and a system of friendly, allies or “client” states (reges amicique populi Romani). Due to rebellions from some tribes as the Brigantes, and after having visited the Danube and Rhine frontiers, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (reigned 117–138) came to Brittania in July 122 BC. By ordering the construction of the Wall (between 122 – and maybe before according to certain authors – and 127 AD), Hadrian put an end to the territorial expansion of the Roman Empire. In short, Hadrian adopted a policy of protecting frontiers without expansion. What functions did the borders of the Roman Empire have? What functions did Hadrian's Wall have? Can the frontiers of the Roman Empire be considered strict separations between the civilized (Roman) world and the world of the barbarians ("qui barbaros Romanosque Divideret")? How is archeology an interesting and relevant discipline for Border Studies? We will discuss all this and get answers with archeologist David J. Breeze.

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The Nation-State model is built on the synchronization between a so-called state territory and a so-called national population. The mechanical imposition of this specific model has led to serious conflicts in certain parts of the world. What are the consequences of this model on the design of the country's borders? How to organize borderlands while avoiding conflicts with neighbors? With Nick Megoran, this podcast (in 2 parts) is an opportunity to talk about several original practices such as condominiums, joint development zones, territorial leasing, enclaves, the exchange of territory, statutory autonomy, free and customs zones, law of neighborliness, mobile borders, decoupling of international borders from other functional or administrative limits, juridical, fiscal and economic cross-border cooperation. So many illustrations that allow us to think differently about sovereignty and state borders. Transboundary Cooperation transcend the Border Nation State System. Sovereignty doesn’t have to be Zero-Sum.

Websites:

The Nation-State model is built on the synchronization between a so-called state territory and a so-called national population. The mechanical imposition of this specific model has led to serious conflicts in certain parts of the world (we will discover the ancient situation of Denmark/Germany border and the current one of Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan border). There have been several ways of thinking and representing the construction of this nation-state with its constituent factors, its regime of political sovereignty and territorial boundaries: community of origin, community of language, community of interests and values, cultural homogenization, elective community, common history and territorial patriotism but also imagined community. What are the consequences of this model on the design of the country's borders? How to organize borderlands while avoiding conflicts with neighbors? With Nick Megoran, this podcast (in 2 parts) is an opportunity to talk about several original practices such as condominiums, joint development zones, territorial leasing, enclaves, the exchange of territory, statutory autonomy, free and customs zones, mobile borders, decoupling of international borders from other functional or administrative limits, juridical and economic cross-border cooperation. So many illustrations that allow us to think differently about sovereignty and state borders. Sovereignty doesn’t have to be Zero-Sum. Borders don’t have to be Walls and Barriers.

Websites:

The Māori are Indigenous Polynesian peoples with distant roots in the Lapita civilization. First inhabitants of what is called New Zealand, they arrived there more than 1000 years ago. The Māori people is a minority, it forms about 18% of the New Zealand population. In this podcast, we will talk about the anthropological, political and legal history of New Zealand, the context of the declaration of independence (in Māori He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni), the treaty of Waitangi, the societal organization of the people Māori (Iwi, Whanau, Hapu) and relations with colonial institutions. An extensive discussion about Māori culture, social and territorial boundaries between different Māori tribes and the importance of genealogy, the involvement of Māori culture within the governance of customs borders and the perspectives of indigenous peoples in research on borders.

Time Markers:

00:00 The role of the Māori People in terms of customs borders

05:55 WorldView of Māori People regarding the phenomenon of Borders?

07:52 New Zealand Customs and Māori responsiveness

10:04 The governance of New Zealand's borders at the time of Covid

13:52 International trade partners with New Zealand and the Māori People

19:56 Main challenges facing New Zealand's borders

22:42 Military history of Māori during the 2 World Wars

28:01 Learnings about Borders from Indigenous Perspectives and Indigenous contributions on Borders

Websites:

The Māori are Indigenous Polynesian peoples with distant roots in the Lapita civilization. First inhabitants of what is called New Zealand, they arrived there more than 1000 years ago. The Māori people is a minority, it forms about 18% of the New Zealand population. In this podcast, we will talk about the anthropological, political and legal history of New Zealand, the context of the declaration of independence (in Māori He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni), the treaty of Waitangi, the societal organization of the people Māori (Iwi, Whanau, Hapu) and relations with colonial institutions. An extensive discussion about Māori culture, social boundaries between different Māori tribes and the importance of genealogy, the involvement of Māori culture within the governance of customs borders and the perspectives of indigenous peoples in research on borders.

Time Markers:

00:00 Intro

01:32 Our Guest: Thomas Tawhiri – Indigenous Māori, Custom Manager & Researcher in Indigenous Studies

04:38 Specificities of New Zealand in relation to borders

07:22 Māori life prior to European contact

10:35 What does the word “Māori” mean?

13:09 Navigation high technology of Polynesian peoples

18:18 The naming of New Zealand with the Māori name Aotearoa

23:02 The context of “declaration of independence” (He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni) signed in 1835 and 1839

31:44 The Treaty of Waitangi and the juridical debates linked to the differences in terminology. The Māori version speaks only of 'kawanatanga'.

40:54 Social units rooted in relationships and blood relationships

48:52 What is Mana?

52:37 Existence of complex social interactions and territorial boundaries between Māori Clans

57:21 Tribal Naming of Places, and Land Occupation, as Indicators of Tribal Borders

1:01:42 Māori territoriality and the New Zealand current legal system

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Parmi tous les milieux possibles à cheval sur les frontières internationales, les villes et agglomérations transfrontalières sont un cas d’étude très intéressant ; elles sont des entités urbaines qui existent à travers les frontières, et de part et d’autre de ces frontières. Elles ont la frontière à la fois comme condition d’existence et comme défi à surmonter. Les villes et agglomérations transfrontalières viennent questionner l’objet des frontières et les frontières viennent aussi interroger la nature des villes et agglomérations frontalières et transfrontalières. Nous allons en connaitre davantage sur ces relations complexes et diverses avec le professeur et géographe Bernard Reitel.

Time Markers

00:00 intro

02:31 Our Guest today: Bernard Reitel

04:33 Frontières : Objet sémique de différentiation et interface signifiante ?

14:18 Frontières : Constructions à plusieurs dimensions et plusieurs acteurs

19:09 Comment définir une ville transfrontalière ?

25:48 Enjeux des villes transfrontalières face à la frontière-coupure : situation de périphérie, marginalisation, espace de menace, zone de défense, proximité de la frontière et dépendance envers les Etats.

30:43 Les principales contraintes pour les villes frontalières et transfrontalières ?

38:27 Ressources de la frontière et la frontière comme ressource

46:52 Le rôle des villes transfrontalières dans la construction d’espaces transfrontaliers : cela dépend des régimes de frontières

52:17 Quelles relations entre les villes frontalières/transfrontalières et l’Union européenne ? Une européanisation réelle.

1:00:33 Existe-t-il des tendances communes pour les villes frontalières et transfrontalières ? Et peut-on dresser une typologie de ces espaces urbains ?

1:10:07 La plus-value des systèmes de gouvernance transfrontalière pour les espaces urbains ?

1:17:53 Les enseignements de la thématique des villes transfrontalières sur l’objet des frontières et des Border Studies

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Country of 27 million inhabitants, in the Himalayan mountain range, Nepal shares a border with India for 1690 km and with China for nearly 1,200 km. The majority of the inhabitants live in the south of the country (along the Indo-Nepalese border) and in the Kathmandu valley. Nepal became a republic in 2008 and the country adopted a new Constitution in 2015 which provides for a federal-type state, organized around 7 provinces which have their own assembly and executive power. A podcast about the State of Nepal, internal bordering processes, the marginalized people at its borders, notably the Madhesi People, and also the relations with India and China..

Time Markers

00:00 Our Guest today: Kalpana Jha

01:12 Cross-Border Unformal Networks and the shaping of Border Region

03:15 Interests of the Socio-Legal Approach for the Border Studies

05:59 Border, Legal Line of Separation, but also Living Region per se

10:22 How to Manage the Nepal Diversity?

13:10 Nepal: From Kingdom to Federal-type State.

18:30 Relations between Nepal and India

22:30 Nepal-India Border: An Open Border at the Daily Level

25:52 A Huge Wall on the Nepal-India border?

30:33 Cross-Border Governance of Rivers and Political Challenges

36:07 Nepal-China Relations Through Himalayas

41:59 Transboundary Infrastructures and Neighbouring Hard Powers

46:29 The Madhesi People Movement and Diversity of Nepal

50:17 Internal Bordering Processes and Geographical Features

56:15 The Identity of Madeshi People

1:00:23 Madeshi People as Transnational Community

1:04:40 New Legal and Political Recognition

1:06:01 Scenarios for Borderlanders and Cross-Border Communities

Websites:

As we know, human history has led to the construction of border systems between different political entities. Human groups have sought to differentiate themselves spatially by boundaries, delimitations, legal conventions, border guards, they have also formed alliances and buffer zones. But there are other types of borders, borders that exist in the non-human world. Types of borders that the study of ethology in general reveals to us, and also primatology. We discuss about these non-human borders and bordering phenomena, notably complex and fascinating Chimpanzees territoriality, with Ammie Kalan. Professor Kalan is interested in behavioural flexibility in wild great apes, and what this can tell us about “hominin” evolution using a comparative perspective.

Time Markers

00:00 Our Guest today: Ammie Kalan

02:33 The object of study of primatology? What are “great apes”?

04:30 Communication between chimpanzees and the role of trees

07:21 Use of tools by chimpanzees for different purposes

11:29 Social/Political boundaries within the same group of Chimpanzees

16:07 “Spatial boundaries” between distinct groups? Behaviour is the key.

19:22 Why can groups of chimpanzees’ fragment?

21:01 Territorial conflicts between groups of chimpanzees’

26:14 The Phenomenon of “border patrol”

32:12 “Border patrol” and organized collective action of chimpanzees

34:48 Behavioral flexibility in wild great apes and “hominin” evolution

38:21 “Cultures” within the world of Chimpanzees

41:42 Towards a better protection of groups and habitats of primates

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The objective of this podcast is to better understand both the Cascadia cross-border region and the US/Canada border in this specific region of the Pacific Northwest. The Cascadia region is a plurinational and cross-border region between mountains and ocean, between Canada and the United States, inhabited by Indigenous Peoples since time immemorial, and animated by very dynamic political and economic networks. BIG_Lab sat down with Laurie Trautman to learn more about the strengths of this region, soft diplomacy, and current and upcoming challenges, including the importance of thinking regionally and transcending jurisdictional boundaries for better cross-border integration.

Time Markers:

01:06 The Border Policy Research Institute

02:09 Neighborhood relations and cooperation at the US-Canada Border

06:08 What is the Cascadia Region?

09:06 Effects of Covid on cross-border relations in the Cascadia Region

15:16 Main obstacles to overcome

19:31 The most active cross-border actors

24:22 The important drivers of cross-border integration

27:46 Mechanisms used to reinforce the fluidity of the border

31:50 Multiple Levels Governance Challenges

33:54 What is the role of indigenous peoples in cross-border relations?

35:29 How to influence governments to go beyond the boundary-line and create a real border-zone?

38:49 Towards more public-private partnerships? The example of High-Speed Rail Corridor

41:04 Evaluation of the Degree of Cross-Border Integration

41:53 Current dynamics and long-term prospects

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Michael O'Shea came to share with us the results of his analysis report on the rights of Indigenous students to benefit from the Jay Treaty through Canadian universities (extension of domestic tuition rates to Indigenous students living in the US). This report was translated into Cree language by Cree language writer and translator Cameron Robertson. This podcast was also an opportunity to better understand the importance of language and the challenges related to the translation from English into indigenous languages from Indigenous Perspectives. A deep historical, political, legal and cultural immersion in the effects of modern borders and the Jay Treaty for the Canada/US border. (Report: “225 Years in the Making: How Canadian Universities Honour the Jay Treaty Through Cross-Border Tuition Policies”).

Time Markers:

00:00 Our Guest today: Michael O’Shea and Cameron Robertson

02:18 What is the Jay Treaty about and its historical context (Michael)

06:23 The current issues of the Jay Treaty with respect to Indigenous peoples and students (Michael)

11:27 Facts and dynamics observed in the area of ​​tuition fees in the US and Canada (Michael)

15:17 Evolution of the rights of free passages through the border over the past centuries (Michael)

18:37 Jay Treaty and the Modern Border through Indigenous Perspectives (Cameron)

27:57 University practices and the consolidation of the sovereignty and rights of Indigenous peoples? (Michael)

30:18 Challenges and work as a Cree language translator (Cameron)

43:44 Translation into Cree language in relation to the whole context about sovereignty of Indigenous peoples (Cameron)

51:11 Working Cooperation Story (Michael and Cameron)

1:00:36 Messages for Next Cross-Border Students (Cameron and Michael)

Websites:

The border reflects a division of the world into territorialized state, juridical and political orders that are spatially separated by territorial delimitations. Cross-border cooperation connects local and sub-national authorities, on both sides and across borders. In fact, this phenomenon challenges both the monopoly of external relations of the State, and the nature of the juridical limit of borders for subnational actions. This object of study is extremely complex, because we have a lot of terminologies, actors, tools, contexts, challenges, trends… The historical angle is the basis of the intelligibility. We will understand better this vast constellation with historian Birte Wassenberg. 

Time Markers:

00:00 Our Guest today: Birte Wassenberg

01:37 Terminological diversity and complexity: "Transboundary" Cooperation or "Cross-Border" Cooperation?

04:13 The different historical phases in the evolution of cross-border cooperation in Europe

12:34 “Borders are scars of history”: Where does this phrase come from?

15:28 One of the pioneers of cooperation: Viktor von Malchus

17:58 The different actors involved in cross-border cooperation

21:55 Workings Communities or Euroregions? The degree of institutionalization is the criteria to distinguish the nature of cross-border organisms

28:16 How to define a cross-border region?

33:15 The main challenges facing the cross-border cooperation

42:09 The most dynamic borders in terms of cross-border cooperation

47:53 The evolution of French policy in terms of cross-border cooperation

53:36 The history and usefulness of European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)

57:32 Towards an European administrative law for cross-border cooperation?

1:02:33 Effects of Multi-Level Governance on Cross-Border Cooperation?

1:08:45 Cross-Border Cooperation as Territorial Diplomacy

1:13:21 The most important factors for a good cross-border cooperation?

1:17:36 The effects of globalization in the field of international relations and the place of cross-border cooperation

1:19:52 The future and the next trends of cross-border cooperation?

Websites:

Borders are legal constructs: conventional lines on maps, landmarks on the ground, zone of cooperation, control and violence. But borders are also an artistic object. Sometimes, it is the border itself which is the support of a work of art. Other times, they appear in works of photography, comics, and in movies. Today we are going to talk about “Border Film” with Michael Dear who has just published a book called « Border Witness, Reimagining The US-Mexico Borderlands Through Film ». It is an opportunity to learn more about the construction of mental, cultural and artistic representations of borders and their complex links with reality.

 Time Markers:

00:00 Our Guest today: Michael Dear

01:51 What is Border Film?

02:50 The specific representations of the borderlands featured in Border Film

06:55 The idea of “Border Witness” Book

13:17 Multiple Experiences about Borders

16:08 The 3 parts of the Book (Origins, Fusions and Witness)

21:32 The Key Messages

25:02 Other representations of the border: zone of cultural mixing and connective tissue

30:09 Linkages Border Studies/Border Films

34:45 How have film representations of the borderlands evolved over time?

43:22 “Border Film Genre”

47:43 How can films and cinema help us better understand the phenomenon of borders and bordering processes?

52:32 Recommendations: Which Border Films Should We Watch?

57:10 How does coverage of the Mexican-US border in film compare with other borderland films elsewhere in the World?

Websites:

The Middle East is the name of a complex geographical region comprising different countries and cultures between Europe, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Asia. It is also a space where many conflicts have existed and continue to exist today, in particular the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These disputes linked to a complex historical, religious and political situation should not obscure the presence of populations who struggle at their level and with their means against the domination that oppresses them. One thinks of the situation in the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip and the difficult conditions of the inhabitants. We will discuss this territorial, border, human complexity with political scientist Michael J. Carpenter. He has written a book titled "Palestinian Popular Struggle: Unarmed and Participatory" (Routledge 2019).

Time Markers:

00:00 Our Guest today: Michael J. Carpenter

07:29 What is the “Middle East”?

14:15 Border disputes and border thinking in the Middle East

25:17 Key elements of the Palestine–Israel conflict

30:30 Life and struggle in the occupied Palestinian territories

38:25 Walls, bordering, and the anti-wall movement

45:51 The case of the village of Bil’in

50:41 Other examples of popular struggle in Palestine

57:11 Further reading in popular politics and the Middle East

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Indigenous nationhood movements are taking place worldwide in multiple ways and are all connected with the Indigenous resurgence. Indigenous autonomy and self-determination are fundamental to Indigenous resurgence. What are the effects of the Doctrine of Discovery on Indigenous Peoples? What are the Indigenous perspectives on International Relations Theory? Between the Buffalo Treaty, and the role of Indigenous Peoples in the Columbia River treaty renegotiation, Indigenous Peoples are using their internal sovereignty and external sovereignty to establish a stronger political and juridical self-determination. Elements of response and reflection with the Indigenous Scholar Jeff Ganohalidoh Corntassel.

Time Markers:

0:00 Introduction

1:34 Areas of research: Everyday acts of Resurgence, Climate Justice, Sustainable Self-Determination, Indigenous Internationalism

3:29 Can we answer the question “Who is indigenous”? And if yes, how?

7:27 The contemporary challenges for the Indigenous Nationhood

12:09 Comparison between history of indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada

18:59 “Forced federalism” and “Forced federalism era”

23:24 The effects of the Doctrine of Discovery on Indigenous Peoples

28:44 Location of the indigenous peoples in the State sovereignty and in the legal international architecture

32:04 “State-building is about Nation-destroying”

36:20 Will Indigenous Peoples be considered and recognized as full subjects of international law in the same position as States?

41:14 Dynamic role and brake role of international law in relation to Indigenous Peoples

45:44 Indigenous perspectives on International Relations Theory

51:19 Indigenous Treaty Making across international state borders

53:18 Indigenous nations in the process of renegotiating the Columbia River Treaty

55:39 Concrete effects of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act

57:24 Where are we in the process of Decolonization and Reconciliation?

1:01:14 BC’s Alignment of Laws with the legal systems of the First Nations

1:03:12 Practical solutions to combat discrimination and strengthen the well-being of indigenous peoples

1:06:09 Indigenous conceptions of ecosystems and sustainability and public policy; Jurisdictional changes and process of land back

1:08:39 Restoring Indigenous placenames

1:10:37 What kind of questions the State and its public servants could ask themselves?

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L’Union européenne poursuit le projet de créer une intégration juridique entre différents Etats sur le plan institutionnel et le plan matériel. Mais quels sont ses effets sur les frontières entre les Etats qui la composent ? En outre, le droit de l’UE développe une régulation juridique propre. Que sont les frontières internes de l’UE? Et que sont les frontières externes de l’UE ? Dans ce paysage complexe, avec le marché intérieur, l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice, l’espace Schengen, la coopération transfrontalière, les relations commerciales de l’UE, on note la présence de facteurs qui tendent à une dévaluation juridique des frontières, et d’autres qui conduisent à une réévaluation juridique des frontières. Nous tenterons d’y voir plus clair avec Frédérique Berrod.

Time Markers:

00:00 Introduction

01:00 L’intérêt pour l’Union européenne et les frontières

01:51 Le contexte actuel de l’Union européenne face à plusieurs crises

05:41 Que nous disent le droit et la doctrine juridique sur les frontières?

09:25 Existe-t-il une fonction capitale des frontières?

11:59 Quelle est la nature juridique de l’Union européenne?

14:37 Les effets les plus importants de l’UE sur les frontières des Etats-membres

19:27 Peut-on encore qualifier les frontières entre les Etats-membres d’« internationale » ?

24:00 Quelle souveraineté pour les Etats-membres et quelle souveraineté pour l’UE?

31:49 Les effets du marché intérieur sur les frontières

36:29 Le rôle des principes de non-discrimination et de reconnaissance mutuelle

40:44 L’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice « sans frontières intérieures »

45:26 L’espace Schengen : espace de liberté ou espace de sécurité?

49:13 Vers un marché européen des données numériques?

52:51 Quid des frontières fiscales dans l’UE?

58:43 Les défis de la coopération transfrontalière face à la territorialité du droit

1:03:53 Le cadre juridique des frontières extérieures de l’UE

1:08:33 La projection des frontières juridiques de l’UE en dehors de l’UE

1:11:25 L’externalisation des contrôles en dehors de l’UE : avec ou sans valeurs européennes?

1:16:42 L’intérêt des Border Studies

Websites:

Indigenous Peoples have a profound relationship with the land, the water and all the interlinked ecosystems. These relations are the basis of their conditions of existence and of their cultural, legal and political system. Better understanding this complexity of the existential interrelations of Indigenous peoples means better improving the government-to-government relationships and the consolidation of their sovereignties. It is also an opportunity to better understand the territorialities of Indigenous peoples and their types of borders. We discuss this with anthropologist Brian Thom.

Time Markers:

0:00 Our Guest today: Brian Thom

1:59 Context of our discussion

3:00 Cultural Anthropology and Borders

6:59 Why Anthropology would be useful?

10:20 What is Ethnographic mapping?

14:10 The significance of Land for Indigenous Peoples

22:19 Some characteristics of Indigenous Territorialities

29:10 Borders and Indigenous Territorialities

37:32 “Shared exclusivity”

39:10 Role of Networks in Territorialities

48:09 Mismatch, or not, between lines and the relationships of Indigenous Peoples?

49:10 The limits of the approach in terms of Territorial Polygon

1:00:30 The Effects of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act

1:07:45 Indigenous Territorial Titles & Self-Determination Process

Websites:

Transnational flows cross borders and reveal national and international security issues. New technologies such as BIG DATA, artificial intelligence and Machine Learning are mobilized to secure the movement and circulation of data, goods and people. Border lines are no longer the main place for checks and controls. It is this paradigm shift in the analysis and governance of borders that is the subject of our discussion with Alan D. Bersin.

Les flux transnationaux traversent les frontières et révèlent des enjeux de sécurité nationale et internationale. Les nouvelles technologies comme le BIG DATA, l’intelligence artificielle et le Machine Learning sont mobilisées pour sécuriser les mouvements et la circulation des données, des biens et des personnes. Les lignes-frontières ne sont plus le lieu principal des contrôles. C’est ce changement de paradigme dans l’analyse et la gouvernance des frontières qui fait l’objet de notre discussion avec Alan D. Bersin.

Time Markers: 

0:00 Context of the discussion today: Borders, Transnational Flows and Global Security

3:22 Definition of the "boundary" object

5:32 Boundary-line seem outdated?

10:12 Functions of Borders: Control, Security and Defense

13:59 Understanding the combination of Lines and Flows

15:39 Borders as last lines of defense; Borders are pushed out and externalized

19:58 Importance of network and the transnational networks

22:54 What does “Smart Border” means?

26:50 Interests of artificial intelligence and machine learning in transboundary risk management

36:46 Effects of “slowbalization”?

42:27 More militarization in the World?

49:44 Usefulness of Border Studies for understanding the current Period of Transformation

Websites:

Les frontières sont des délimitations juridiques de territoires d’Etats souverains et jouent en principe le rôle de barrière a la coopération transfrontalière. Néanmoins, sous l’impulsion des Etats comme de l’Union européenne, on observe également l’émergence d’espaces transfrontaliers et de régions transfrontalières fonctionnelles. Comment cerner leur apparition et les enjeux qui les caractérisent ? Des régions transfrontalières émergent-elles vraiment en Europe ? Entre défonctionnalisation, approche dialectique, questions d’échelles et régimes disruptifs, nous allons en connaitre davantage sur ce sujet capital pour la consolidation de l’UE avec le Professeur Gregory Hamez.

Borders are legal delimitations of territories of sovereign States and in principle act as a barrier to cross-border cooperation. Nevertheless, under the impetus of States and the EU, we also observe the emergence of cross-border spaces and functional cross-border regions. How to identify their appearance and the issues that characterize them? Are cross-border regions really emerging in Europe? Between defunctionalization, dialectical approach, questions of scale and disruptive regimes, we will learn more about this crucial subject for the consolidation of the European Union with Professor Gregory Hamez.

Time Markers:

0:00 Introduction

1:25 L’intérêt pour les Border Studies et la frontière franco-belge

3:01 La « défonctionnalisation » des frontières ou l’approche dialectique ?

6:01 Les effets de l’UE sur les frontières ? Effet imaginé et questions d’échelle

10:11 Ce que révèle l’indicateur de nuptialité aux frontières françaises

12:31 Les frontières sont plus poreuses à l’échelle globale qu’à l’échelle frontalière

14:28 Des régions transfrontalières fonctionnelles en Europe ?

18:20 Comment mesurer le degré de cohésion des espaces transfrontaliers ?

22:53 Critique de l’indice de porosité des frontières.

26:06 Les défis de la gouvernance transfrontalière en termes d’aménagement du territoire

29:29 Les frontières comme objets complexes à géographie et géométrie variables ?

32:21 Travailler sur les frontières, c’est travailler sur la société dans son ensemble et voir le monde

Websites:

Globalization is a complex and plural phenomenon. Some have been able to evoke a world without borders and the disappearance of States, but we rather observe the construction of many walls and barriers. Some flows can cross territorial boundaries without problem while some borders become places of violence for humans. What geopolitics of borders and border walls at a time of a plurality of globalizations?

La globalisation est un phénomène complexe et pluriel. Certains ont pu évoquer un monde sans frontière et la disparition des Etats, mais on observe plutôt la construction de nombreux murs et barrières autour des territoires. Certains flux peuvent franchir les limites territoriales sans problème alors que certaines frontières deviennent des lieux de violence pour les humains. Quelle géopolitique des frontières et des murs frontières à l'heure d'une pluralité de globalisations?

Time Markers:

0:00 Introduction

1:34 Who is Elisabeth Vallet?

4:34 Borders in Globalization: the Case of Quebec/US

12:07 What is a Border Wall in a Globalized World?

14:46 Border Walling: From Seventy-Seven to Ninety-Six Border Walls in the World

15:16 The Border Wall, a Symbol and a Theater

16:10 Identity Politics and Lack of Cooperation

17:32 Effects of the Border Fences on Borderlands

22:15 The US-Canada Border: Specificities and Challenges

25:51 With the Russia-Ukraine War, Is Globalization over?

31:22 How to re-think Border and Bordering Processes?

36:16 Quelques caractéristiques des frontières : point de jonction entre deux souverainetés, emblème de la coopération, symbole de connexion, mais aussi objet d’opposition, lieu d’une violence exceptionnelle, lieu d’expérimentation, …

38:02 Why should we study the theme of borders?

Websites:

Qu’est-ce que le droit de l’asile ? Quelles sont ses relations avec les frontières et les territoires ? Faut-il abandonner la notion de souveraineté et repenser le droit international sur la base de la notion de la compétence ? De nombreuses questions se posent à l’heure de la globalisation. Nous tenterons d’y voir un peu plus clair avec le professeur de droit Thibaut Fleury Graff.

What is the right of asylum? What are its relations with borders and territories? Should we abandon the notion of sovereignty and rethink international law on the basis of the notion of jurisdiction? Many questions arise in the age of globalization. We will try to see a little more clearly with Professor Thibaut Fleury Graff.

Time Markers:

0:00 Introduction

0:33 Thibaut Fleury Graff : droit international public, droit des migrations et de l’asile, territoires et frontières…

1:58 Droit de l’Asile, 2e édition 2021

3:35 La question du territoire aux Etats-Unis au 19e siècle du point de vue du droit international

4:53 Qu’est-ce que le droit de l’asile ?

6:25 Les enjeux multiples du droit de l’asile

8:24 Le besoin de coopération internationale et de gouvernance mondiale

10:21 Le nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l’asile dans l’UE : quelle amélioration ?

11:14 Le système de Dublin : un système inéquitable

12:39 Vers une agence européenne de l’asile ?

13:40 La gestion intégrée des frontières extérieures

16:32 Les notions de frontière et de territoire en droit international

17:56 La question de l’exclusivité et de la nature du pouvoir de l’Etat

20:48 La nature du pouvoir exécutif de l’Etat a changé et la frontière est en perte de substance

22:23 Penser en termes d’espace plutôt qu’en termes de territoire

23:39 Le défi de l’articulation de divers espaces juridiques

26:11 Les fondements juridiques valables des revendications des peuples autochtones

27:58 L’existence d’espaces juridiques de résistance à la souveraineté moderne

29:24 Des concepts différents de la notion de souveraineté

33:13 Abandonner la notion de souveraineté et repenser les relations complexes en termes de compétence?

Websites:

Borders between States are modern legal constructions. With colonial expansion, indigenous communities came to be cut into several pieces by many territorial boundaries. This is the case of the 49th parallel which serves as the border between Canada and the United States. How have indigenous peoples resisted the spatial imposition of these linear legal fictions? Elements of responses with the historian Patrick Lozar, specialist of the Indigenous Communities of the interior region of the NorthWest Pacific.

Les frontières entre Etats sont des constructions juridiques modernes. Avec l’expansion coloniale, de nombreuses limites territoriales sont venus coupées en plusieurs morceaux de nombreuses communautés indigènes. C’est le cas du 49e parallèle qui sert de frontière entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis. Comment les peuples indigènes ont-ils résistés face à l’imposition spatiale de ces fictions juridiques linéaires ? Eléments de réponses avec l’historien Patrick Lozar, spécialiste des Communautés Indigènes de la région intérieure du Pacifique Nord-Ouest.

Time Markers:

00:00 Introduction

1:04 Academic Profile and Research Interests

3:21 Ethnohistory Methods and Indigenous Geographies

7:29 Pacific Northwest Region, Indigenous Peoples and Borders

12:24 Diverse reactions of Indigenous Peoples facing the legal building of Border

17:50 Implications of the Supreme Court of Canada decision “R. v. Desautel” in terms of indigenous lives in Borderlands

25:08 Re-thinking the Border, De-colonizing the Border

30:25 Resilience of Indigenous Communities across borders

Websites:

Alors que la globalisation grouille de nouveaux réseaux en tous genres et que de nombreux parallèles sont faits avec l’époque médiévale, dans ce podcast, BIG_Lab s’entretient avec Léonard Dauphant, spécialiste des frontières du moyen Age. Léonard Dauphant a notamment publié deux ouvrages (Le Royaume des quatre rivières. L’espace politique français (1380-1515) Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2012, 448 p.; Géographies. Ce qu’ils savaient de la France (1100-1600), Ceyzérieu, Champ Vallon, 2018, 318 p.)

As globalization teems with new networks of all kinds and many parallels are drawn with medieval times, in this podcast, BIG_Lab speaks with Léonard Dauphant, an expert on medieval frontiers. Léonard Dauphant has notably published two works (The Kingdom of the Four Rivers. The French Political Space (1380-1515) Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2012, 448 p.; Geographies. What they knew about France (1100-1600), Ceyzérieu, Champ Vallon, 2018, 318 p.)

Time Markers:

0:00 Présentation de Léonard Dauphant et de ses ouvrages sur les frontières médiévales

5:12 Défis et difficultés pour étudier l'objet frontière au moyen Age

7:48 Les différents types de frontières médiévales

13:18 Le tournant de l'An 1000

14:12 Les représentations des Rois de leur domaine de pouvoir?

15:33 La notion de pyramide d'information du pouvoir

17:23 L'achat du Dauphiné en 1355 et l'exemple d'une frontière linéaire par le haut

18:22 Quelles frontières pour les Seigneuries, Royaumes et Empires?

20:41 Un bornage imaginaire entre la France et l'Empire?

22:13 La matérialisation d'un point de circulation (l'exemple du Tronc Bérenger - Truncus Berengeri)

26:28 La douane et la "potestas"

28:44 La frontière à l'époque de Jeanne d'Arc

30:53 La fin du moyen Age du point de vue de la frontière

32:36 Des frontières en réseau au moyen Age?

35:50 Points d'accroche entre l'ère médiévale et l'ère de la globalisation

Websites:

A rich interview on the role of international borders, the different types of borders (land, air, sea), the challenges posed by global warming on the coastal borders, the different legal principles that regulate territorial disputes and the prospects for study in the Pacific region.

Time Markers:

0:00 Presentation of Geraldine Giraudeau

1:13 Importance and legal functions of borders

5:06 The different types of borders: land, air and sea borders

10:03 Key challenges of maritime borders facing climate change

11:51 Legal principles which regulate territorial disputes

15:11 Main impacts of globalization on international borders

18:04 Post-Westphalian Society?

19:56 Borders and decolonization in the Pacific

Websites:

A l'occasion de la parution de son dernier livre, Jean-Sylvestre Bergé, professeur de droit, partage avec nous ses réflexions sur "les situations en mouvement et le droit". Son cadre théorique mobilise notamment la notion de "circulation". L'occasion pour BIG_Lab de le questionner sur les flux et les frontières à l'heure de la globalisation (entretien en français).

On the occasion of the publication of his latest book, Jean-Sylvestre Bergé, professor of law, shares with us his thoughts on "situations in motion and the law". Its theoretical framework notably mobilizes the notion of "circulation". The opportunity for BIG_Lab to question him on flows and borders in the era of globalization (interview in french).

Référence du livre: Jean-Sylvestre Bergé, Les situations en mouvement et le droit: essai d'une épistémologie pragmatique, Dalloz, 2021, Méthodes du droit, 327 p. Une version anglaise du livre a également été publiée dont le titre est "Rethinking Flow beyond Control - An Outreach Legal Essay".

Time Markers:

0:00 Presentation de l'auteur et du livre Les situations en mouvement et le droit

3:00 “De la contrainte de circulation à la circulation tout court”

4:39 “Difficulté de saisir les situations en mouvement pour le Droit”

5:19 Epistémologie “pragmatique”

6:05 L’objet: les situations en mouvement

6:26 1er chapitre du livre: état des lieux

7:26 2e chapitre: la circulation totale au-delà du contrôle et les flux produits par l’Homme

9:57 Les “stases” ou situations de non-circulation

10:10 3e chapitre: le tandem circulation/contrôle

11:18 4e chapitre: Circulation et propositions théoriques: l’approche antécédente des flux

12:54 5e chapitre: la perte totale de contrôle

14:00 Comment le droit appréhende-t-il le phénomène du mouvement à travers les frontières?

15:39 Eléments de réponse: le mouvement comme catégorie juridique et le rapport du mouvement à la frontière

21:55 Choc des titans: le mouvement et le spectre de la frontière

23:14 Le recours à la notion d’espace

25:30 Dialogue des logiques espace/territoire

29:12 Régime des flux et souveraineté spatiale?

31:50 L’espace normatif de flux

38:30 L’approche théorique de la diversité des flux par les antécédents

39:28 Les conceptions antécédentes de J.-S Bergé

42:10 L’exemple de l’antécédent magique

44:35 L’exemple de l’antécédent fondamental

45:40 Trois modalités clés: l’espace normatif de flux (le flux crée son propre ordre juridique); les circulations transformatives de l’objet; les circulations saisies en tant que telles et/ou par voies de conséquence.

46:23 Quid des flux de données?

47:22 Les éléments de réponse: les flux et la question du contrôle

52:47 La réponse par le contrôle

54:43 Parenthèse sur Amazon.

56:08 Global au sens de tout tient dans un objet

58:09 L’exemple du porte-conteneur qui a bloqué le Canal de Suez

1:06:18 Quelques conseils de littérature ou de méthode?

Websites:

Anne-Thida Norodom a notamment dirigé la publication "Internet et le droit international" (2014) et publié divers articles sur le thème d'Internet et les frontières, les Big Data et la protection des données personnelles, le droit international cosmique et le cyberespace. BIG_Lab a saisi l'occasion pour l'interviewer sur le renouvellement des manières de voir l'objet frontière à l'heure de la globalisation numérique.

Anne-Thida Norodom has notably directed the publication "Internet et le droit international" (2014) and published various articles on the theme of Internet and borders, Big Data and the protection of personal data, international cosmic law and cyberspace. The opportunity for BIG_Lab to interview her on the renewal of the ways of seeing the object "border" at the time of digital globalization.

Time Markers:

0.00 “Présentation de l'auteur et de ses travaux”

1.18 “Les relations entre le droit, le droit international et les frontières”

6.30 “Internet et les frontières”

11.09 “Frontières numériques et frontières juridiques”

14.45 “Droit transnational et espace numérique”

20.21 “Dé-territorialisation du droit?”

26.17 “Apparition de frontières juridiques a-territoriales?”

31.37 “Internet sans territoire, sans frontière, sans norme juridique?”

36.54 “Plateformes globales privées de communication et liberté d’expression”

41.57 “Régulation juridique du cyberespace et souveraineté de type fonctionnel”

48.43 “Fonction juridique des frontières territoriales?”

54.11 “Différences entre les expressions souveraineté numérique et souveraineté à l’ère numérique”

59.00 “Peut-on revisiter les frontières à l’heure de la globalisation juridique?”

1.04.44 “Frontières et technologie de la chaine de blocs”

1.07.40 “Frontières entre l’ordre juridique national et l’ordre juridique international?”

1.10.52 “Vers un droit global du numérique en formation?”

1.12.42 “Fin et Remerciements”

Websites:

An intense exchange on extremist movements on the North American continent, the rise of populism in Europe and the future of the common good of democracy.

Time Markers:

0.35: Objects of research of Edwin Hodge: conspiratorial movements; extremist groups,...

02.05: What is "post-truth politics"?

05.11: How can Democracy defends itself?

07.20: Capitol event: USA are or aren't a stable democracy?

11.13: Post-Truth Politics in Canada?

15.02: Role of a-territorial social networks?

19.00: European union, Euroscepticism and the rise of populism?

21.50: Global private actors with or without responsibilities?

25.03: Cryptocurrencies, States and trends?

28.29: How Democracy could be Saved?

Websites:

Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly dirige notamment le programme 'Borders In Globalization' (2012-2020 et renouvelé 2021-28) (SSHRC Partnership Grant). Il est spécialiste des études frontalières. BIG_Lab l'a interviewé sur la gouvernance des frontières.

Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly notably manages the program 'Borders In Globalizations' (2012-2020 and renewed 2021-28) (SSHRC funded Partnership Grant). He is a specialist in Border Studies. BIG_Lab interviewed him about Border Governance.

Websites: