Bir Çevirmenin İngilizce Notları – Ferit Burak Aydar

to him, to them, to whom

fbaenglish.com

When do you play tennis?
Emre plays tennis.
Who plays tennis?
She played tennis.
Did she play tennis?
Who played tennis?
What happened?

Over time & overtime: 

The academic staff worked overtime.
overtime pay.

Raptors won the title by defeating Celtics in overtime.
As I got to know him over time, I slowly fell in love with him.
gradually

countable-uncountable. Yesterday after dinner I listened to some music.

Show him some respect.

There's some rice on the table.

I’ve seen some good movies recently.
Some kids learn quickly.

He owes me some thirty pounds.

Some think he is dead.

She sat beside him during dinner.

These problems seem unimportant beside the potential benefits of the new system. They serve pasta and many other foods besides. I'm not ready to get married yet. Besides, I enjoy living alone. He writes novels and poems, besides working as a journalist. Besides being good company, he was always ready to try anything.

Anything-nothing

Anybody-nobody

Accept-except

I accept your invitation.

Scientists have accepted the new theory.

preposition, conjunction.

Everyone except me.

They didn't open their mouths except to complain.

An admission fee is charged, but children are excepted.

both-neither-either.

Both rackets are good.

Neither racket is expensive.

We can buy either racket.

both ... and

neither...nor

either...or

Both Nadal and Federer were late.

I was both tired and hungry when I got home. 

Neither Nadal nor Federer were late.

I was neither tired nor hungry when I got home. 

Either Nadal or Federer was late, I don't know. 

He was either tired or hungry, hence his anger.

Do you want to drink the Carlsberg or Heineken?

altogether

all together

They were all together at the party. all at once. It is altogether acceptable to come without a gift.

There were altogether twenty people at the dinner.

marry, get married, be married.

I'm married.

Participle.

I've been married for five years.

How many novels did Yaşar Kemal write?

How many novels has Orhan Pamuk written?
Before Orhan Pamuk left writing, how many novels had he written?

conscience-conscious
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;  
Conscious.

She was conscious of the stranger standing close to her.
He made a conscious effort to speak more clearly.  

Self-conscious.
Not to be confused with. 

affect-effect
His protest had no effect. cause and affect.put into affect. to the effect that.

Inflation affects the buying power of the lira. 

He affected a British accent.
The president affected a knowledge of economics.

Not to be confused with!

slow-slower
big-bigger
great-greater
hot-hotter
easy-easier
heavy-heavier
the most expensive-cheapest

fun,right, wrong, real
more dark
I did play

Just.  

This is just the start (that) Nadal has sought.

Reduction, Reduced Relative Clauses.

This is just the start that Nadal has sought.

by a small margin; barely:  He just got there in time. 

exactly; precisely: that's just what I mean.  

Should

You look tired. You should go to bed.
The government should do more to reduce unemployment.
You look tired. You must have a rest.
I think, Do you think veya I don't think.

She has been studying hard, she should pass her exam.
RJ Barrett Jr. should have another big game against the Raptors

Fall in love/out of love with someone.
I fell in love with her.
fall into error/trap/trouble/sin.

fall ill.

I got into the room.
I got out of the room.

have something done.
Yesterday I had my hair cut.
They had all their money stolen while they were walking around Sultanahmet.
He had his nose broken in a fight.
Djokovic has had his visa cancelled.

see, hear, smell, taste

transitive vs intransitive

*Would
Would you mind turning your music down a little?
Would you mind opening the door?
would prefer, would rather
Would you mind if I opened the window?
Would you mind if I didn't go out with you tonight?
Past Tense-Present

*need
Infinitive-Gerund
Medvedev needs to improve his volleys.

My jacket needs cleaning.

My jacket needs to be cleaned. 
These chairs need repairing.

This is a very hard problem. It needs thinking.

crowd & crowded.

The play drew a small but appreciative crowd.

The children crowded around the TV.

a crowded bus.
This place is very crowded. 

-ed, tired, bored. 

*already, still, yet, just, ever, never.
I wasn't hungry. I had just had lunch.
He had already left when I got to the court.

I love you very much.
I love you so much.
I love you so much that I can do anything you want.
I love you too much.

fairly, quite, rather, pretty

Adverbs/Adverbials of Time. 

Present Perfect Tense.  
already.
just.
yet.
recently.

Have you seen him recently? 

in the last months/weeks/years/centuries/century. 

last month - Past Tense.

*hang
Regular or irregular.
merriam-webster.com
1) hang-hung.
2) hang-hanged.
I hung a portrait of Karl Marx on the wall.
After work, she hung out in the pub.
They hanged the prisoner.
They hanged the prisoner and hung him in the square under the curious eyes of the public.

*I wish.
I wish I were a basketball player.
I wish I had been a basketball player.
I wish you didn't have to work today.
I wish I hadn't eaten too much

*some.

Being an unspecified number or quantity: Some people came into the room. Would you like some sugar?

Some 40 people attended the rally.

That was some raining! Some scorer.

Relative clauses.
The park in which we played tennis yesterday was awesome.
Yesterday we played tennis in a park. The park was awesome.

*go on.
gerund-infinitive.

Nadal went on playing tennis.
After Nadal finished his homework, he went on to play tennis.
went on doing; went on to do (past hali).
Nadal would go on to win the French Open on a further few occasions.

*may/might.
Perhaps.
He may/might be at home. 
Perhaps he is at home. 
I may/might be playing tennis. 
Perhaps I'm playing tennis. 
Past. 
Modals + Verb1. 
Present Perfect. 
She may have slept. 
Perhaps she slept. 
I may have left my bag in the shop. 
Perhaps I left my bag in the shop.
Continuous. 
He might have been sleeping. 
Perhaps he was sleeping.

*to try.
try to do something.
I tried to open the window but I couldn't.
You should try.
Try cutting the red one.
I didn't like the way the furniture was arranged, so I tried moving the table to the other side of the room.
Have you tried changing the battery? 

*grave
grave wound
a grave defect
gravity
grave consequence; seriousness or importance:

*Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect
Future Perfect

Past Tense

I broke my arm last week
I have broken my arm.

*utter
to utter
thefreedictionary
speak, pronounce
adjective
complete, absolute, entire
utter the truth
the utter truth
the other truth
utter nonsense, darkness

*And

but; on the contrary: He tried to run five miles and couldn't.
He had made a little circle to look at the house in Browne Street. And it was already sold.
Ahmet is an engineer; and Ayşe is a doctor.
...a recognition of its literary models is often important and sometimes essential;
We played tennis and went home.
And is there any reason why these differences appeared when and where they did?
 

*to be
I'm a student.
I was a student.
Present Perfect Tense.
Past Perfect Tense.
Continuous Tenses. 

*If Conditionals ya da If Clauses.
If Clause 2.
If there were no schools / If it were not for schools, I would laudably preside over the ministry of education.
“If there are no schools”.
would / could / might.

Present Perfect kalıbı

*Past Perfect Tense.
I had done.
Simple Past Tense.
Past & Present

assume

thefreedictionary.com

v.tr. - transitive verb

assumption
-to take upon oneself; undertake or accept: to assume responsibility.
-to take over the duties or responsibilities of: to assume the office of treasurer.
-to adopt: to assume the role of patron of the arts.
-to seize; usurp: to assume control.

*Continuous Tenses.
in the middle of something.
Evrensel Continuous formülü:
to be + Gerund, yani Verb-ing.
I'm waiting.
I’ve been waiting.
I was waiting.
I had been waiting.

*conceive
v.tr. - transitive verb
To become pregnant with (offspring)
To form or develop in the mind.
To apprehend mentally; understand.
conception
Formation of a viable zygote by the union of the male sperm and female ovum.
contraception
contraceptive

*could

can'in past hali
was/were able to
We had no idea what Proust was talking about in that passage, but we were able to understand in the end.
Sampras was an excellent tennis player, he could beat anyone.
Sampras was an excellent tennis player, but he was able to beat Hewitt only a few times.

Genel bir kural olarak, sözlükten anlam öğrenilir, karşılık değil.

*pity
noun
verb
transitive
thefreedictionary.com
merriam-webster.com
tureng.com
zargan.com

*Had better
Burada have'in past hali değildir had.
You had better take your umbrella. It might rain.
This cake is delicious. You should taste it.