The Lens Pod
By Lens Pod
lensophthalmology.com/the-lens-pod
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Current Hosts:
Hailey Robles-Holmes, PGY1 Georgetown University Hospital/WHC
Victor Cox, M4 Georgetown University
Katie Flaharty, M4 University of Michigan
Matthew Spano, M4 VCOM- Louisiana
Shivani Majmudar, M3 University of Illinois Chicago
Lens Pod Alumni:
Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen
Sunil Rupareli
Emily Xu
Chris Le
The Lens PodNov 13, 2023
Newsletter: May 1, 2024
In this week's issue:
- GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with lower risk of developing glaucoma.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists may be associated with worse diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema.
- At home monitoring for wet AMD had low accuracy compared to in-hospital testing.
- BMI, tobacco and alcohol use may play a role in glaucoma progression.
The Lens Newsletter: April 24, 2024
In this week’s issue:
Daily supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids did not provide clinically significant prevention of diabetic retinopathy among adults with diabetes.
Women are overrepresented among those with mild variants of ABCA4-associated retinopathy, suggesting sex plays a role in disease development.
Measurements of corneal epithelium thickness in keratoconus patients using RTVue AS-OCT and MS-39 AS-OCT/Placido topographer are not interchangeable.
Newsletter: April 17, 2024
In this week’s issue
Subconjunctival steroid injection may be a useful alternative to topical steroids after cataract surgery
Older adults with visual impairments are more likely to be unfamiliar with the technology needed to access telemedicine
Glaucoma patients with more systemic comorbidities may be less likely to adhere to their topical medication regimen
Newsletter: April 10, 2024
Phase II trial for LHON found no significant changes in BCVA after topical elamipretide, post-hoc analysis showed improvements in central visual field.
Single-nucleotide and rare coding variants in over 30 genes were associated with primary angle-closure (PAC) disease.
Higher IOP variability and range is associated with faster rate of GCC thinning, suggesting that IOP variations may independently cause macular changes.
Higher levels of saccharin were found in well-controlled AMD patients compared to those with chronically active choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
Orbital Fractures with Dr. Schneider
In this episode Dr. Kevin Schnieder, a resident at the University of Wisconsin Madison, walks us through what you need to know about orbital fracture as a medical student or resident on call. There are many great pearls for medical students who are starting to think about ophthalmology rotations, who have their first call shift coming up, or want to impress during their away rotations.
1:00- What is an orbital fracture?
1:40- How do people develop orbital fractures?
2:30- History & work-up
6:35- Imaging
11:20-Operative Management
16:50- Lid lacerations
Newsletter: March 27, 2024
In this week's issue:
- Learn about the geographic distribution of oculofacial plastic surgeons and its correlation to socioeconomic demographics in the United States.
- A case series of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis shows increasing resistance and virulence and suggests a novel new therapeutic approach.
- A new model predicts axial length in children after bilateral cataract surgery to customize intraocular lens selection for the best visual outcomes.
- Proteomic profiles of aqueous fluid in those with diabetic retinal disease show signs of inflammation and neuronal dysfunction prior to clinical findings of retinopathy.
Newsletter: March 20, 2024
In this week’s issue
Canalicular dexamethasone inserts may eventually become an option for lasting relief from inflammatory dry eyes
Water-free formulations of cyclosporine are effective in treating inflammatory dry eye, but future studies comparing water-free to standard formulations will show if these changes lead to greater efficacy for this hydrophobic molecule
Preoperative chlorhexidine reduces ocular surface bacterial load to a greater extent than povidone iodine - and is better tolerated
The Lens Newsletter: March 13, 2024
In this week’s issue
Topical polihexanide (PHMB) 0.08% monotherapy shown to be an effective treatment for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors may decrease risk of developing age-related macular degeneration
Artificial intelligence deep learning algorithms accurately screen for diabetic retinopathy using fundus imaging with high sensitivity and specificity
Obscurin, an abundant cytoskeletal protein, may be critical to maintaining extraocular muscle function
The Lens Newsletter: March 6, 2024
In this week’s issue
There is no statistically significant increase in the risk of retinal artery and vein occlusions after COVID infection or vaccination
COVID vaccination was found to have no statistically significant association with corneal transplant rejection
Point of care ultrasound and OCT may prove useful in early screening of papilledema in children
Neovascular Glaucoma with Dr. Kovoor
Time Stamps
1:00 - Definition of Neovascular Glaucoma
2:30 - Open vs Closed Angle Glaucoma
4:10 - Is NVG Open or Closed Angle?
6:00 - Where do you look for NVG?
8:00 - Visualizing the Angle with Gonioscopy
9:58 - Symptoms and History of NVG
14:30 - Retinal Exam
17:00 - Optic Nerve Thinning
19:20 - Working up NVG
22:00 - Visual Field Testing
24:00 - Including the PCP
26:40 - Glaucoma medications
31:00 - Laser Treatment
Newsletter: February 28, 2024
Too busy to read the Lens? Listen to our weekly newsletter here!
All About Away Rotations with Chief Resident Dr. Narmien Murdock
This episode we speak with Dr. Narmien Murdock about everything you need to know before your first away rotation. The beginning of the episode focuses on tips for being successful as a rotating student. At timestamp 39:30, logistics regarding the away application process are reviewed.
Quick tips:
- be on time
- say "yes"
- do not be afraid to ask how you can best fit in the flow of clinic
- be willing to learn
- send thank you emails/notes
- request feedback for presentations/assignments
Tips for the Indirect & 90D Exam
In this episode, we finish our conversation with Dr. Al-khersan by asking him to help us learn indirect ophthalmoscopy and how to use a 90D lens.
Thyroid Eye Disease with Dr. Schneider
In this episode Dr. Kevin Schneider, a resident at University of Wisconsin, walks us through Thyroid Eye Disease. There are many great pearls for medical students who are rotating in oculoplastics clinics or preparing for ophthalmology rotations in general!
Time Stamps:
1:25: Presenting symptoms of TED
2:59: Physical exam
6:39: Clinical scoring systems
7:50: Oculoplastic-specific exam
13:50: Labs?
15:45: Imaging?
18:30: Course of TED
20:38: Counseling patients with TED
23:30: Surgical intervention
32:30: BCSC rapid fire
Diabetic Retinopathy with Dr. Has Al-khersan
In this episode we walk through a case of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with Dr. Al-khersan. This episode focuses less on the granular details of grading DR and more on how to interpret relevant information from a diabetic eye exam.
Learning points from this episode:
Common causes for decreased vision in diabetes
Vitreous hemorrhage
Macular Edema
Cataracts
Tractional Retinal Detachment
Common causes of decreased vision in ANYONE
Misplaced glasses?
Presbyopia
A framework for taking a solid ocular history for EVERY patient
HPI, “what brings you in today?”
Past Medical History
Medications
Drops, if using, frequency, which eye
Past Ocular History
Past Ocular Surgical History
Allergies to drops
Glasses Rx
Follow-up questions for the patient:
Previous intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF, steroids)?
Have they been hospitalized
Recent HbA1C, or common at home glucose readings
Ocular Vitals:
External (bruising, BCC, lesions, proptosis, ptosis)
Visual acuity, best corrected
Pupils
IOP
EOM
Confrontational VF
Slit Lamp findings associated with diabetes
Rubeosis iridis
Hyphema
Cataracts
Retinal Hemorrhage
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Imaging modalities
OCT
Fluorescein Angiography
The Lens Pod is a podcast intended for educational uses only and reflects the opinions of the hosts and guests.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Ophthalmology with Dr. Jessica Randolph
This month we spoke with Dr. Jessica Randolph, Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at Virginia Commonwealth University about Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in ophthalmology and how medical students can get involved.
Time Stamps:
7:00- Definitions; why DEI in ophthalmology important
20:30- Socioeconomic status and opportunities; Affirmative Action
27:27- Implications for patient care
34:10- Implicit Bias
43:42- Pipeline Programs for Underrepresented Students
Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Program: https://www.aao.org/minority-mentoring
Rabb-Venable Excellence in Ophthalmology Program: https://www.rabbvenable.com/
Global Ophthalmology with Dr. Jacquelyn O'Banion
This month we spoke with Dr. Jacquelyn O’Banion, MD, MSc, director of Emory Eye Center's Global Ophthalmology-Emory program (GO-Emory), about global ophthalmology and how medical students can get involved.
Time Stamps:
0:56- Defining global ophthalmology
6:40- Looking for a residency program with global ophthalmology? Ask follow-up questions!
10:30- What is “sustainable global ophthalmology?”
19:00- A lost skill and its relevance to global work
25:00- How foreign strategy can inspire domestic change
29:25- Did you know you could do a global ophthalmology fellowship? Explained here!
34:05- Dr. O’Banion’s advice for medical students looking to get involved in global ophthalmology
40:30- An AAO resource dedicated to looping trainees into global ophthalmology opportunities
Women in Ophthalmology with Dr. Grace Sun
This week we sit down with Dr. Grace Sun to learn about Women in Ophthalmology, the many ways students can contribute to this important organization, and valuable lessons about stepping outside of your comfort zone. Dr. Sun is the president of Women in Ophthalmology and an Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Weill Cornell Medical College where she practices as a comprehensive ophthalmologist and cataract surgeon. She received her MD at Weill Cornell Medical College and completed her ophthalmology residency at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. She served as the Program Director of Ophthalmology Residency at Weill Cornell Medicine for 10 years and currently serves as the Director of Ophthalmology Clinical Practice at Weill Cornell in Lower Manhattan.
Time Stamps:
4:24- What is Women in Ophthalmology? What is their mission?
7:41 - Mastering the "nice 'no'”
10:00- The power of women in leadership and their ability to bring attention to structural issues preventing gender equity in ophthalmology
11:02- How medical students/trainees can serve as allies to their female colleagues
17:00- Why representation matters
18:00- What ways are medical students involved in WIO?
21:24- Dr. Sun’s advice on overcoming awkward conference encounters
26:35- Why are fewer women comfortable mentioning their partner’s application status during residency interviews, despite the SF Match offering no couples match option?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.07.026
29:30- Rethinking the residency training model as a potential solution for dealing with gender equity issues
32:05- Research as an advocacy tool and an investigative tool… we have to ask "why"
36:00- The importance of normalizing conversations about relationships and family planning
39:43- Dr. Sun’s parting message on preserving female representation in ophthalmology and its impact on the field
Community Outreach in Ophthalmology with Dr. Evan Waxman
This week we speak with Dr. Evan Waxman about community outreach in ophthalmology. Dr. Waxman is a comprehensive ophthalmologist at the University of Pittsburgh. He serves as a professor of Ophthalmology, Vice Chair of Medical & Resident Education, and Director of both the UPMC Eye Center Mercy and the comprehensive ophthalmology division. In this episode he teaches us about the Guerilla Eye Service, a community eye clinic that he founded over 15 years ago, in addition to providing helpful advice for getting involved in community efforts to improve vision health.
Advocacy in Ophthalmology with Dr. Katherine Hu
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Katherine Hu to learn how medical students and trainees can get involved in ophthalmology advocacy. Dr. Hu attended medical school at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, then completed her ophthalmology residency at the John A. Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah where she is currently completing a cornea fellowship.
Listen now to learn about current legislative policies impacting the field of ophthalmology, improving your confidence in public speaking, and the power of storytelling in advocacy!
Time stamps:
2:00- Check out Moran Eye Center’s “Moran Core” for foundational ophthalmology learning!
3:00- How do physicians, specifically ophthalmologists, contribute to advocacy?
4:00- The optometry scope expansion bill explained.
10:55- An avenue for medical students to get involved in ophthalmology advocacy.
15:00- Public speaking and how to feel more confident.
23:00- Advocacy reimagined.
27:00- The cardinal rule for being involved in advocacy work.
27:45- Believe in the power of your voice– especially as a trainee.
Teleophthalmology, Artificial Intelligence, and Community Health with Dr. Ben Szirth
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Ben Szirth, PhD to learn about the utility of teleophthalmology in clinical practice and its relationship to artificial intelligence and community outreach in ophthalmology. Dr. Ben is the director of the TeleHealth Program at the New Jersey Medical School and leads the Vision Threatening Diseases screening community-based program at the Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science in Newark, NJ where he works with current medical students every week.
Episode Timestamps
0:20- Introduction
2:18- Learning about EyeNuk, Inc.’s EyeArt® and its ability to screen for vision threatening diseases
3:24- Another interesting ophthalmology podcast recommendation!
5:40- Explaining how teleophthalmology in partnership with artificial intelligence allows us to bring advanced ocular care to disadvantaged communities
9:17- What is teleophthalmology? – Summarized.
10:00- A novel approach to monitoring Type 1 DM eye disease progression– at Disney World!
12:10- Dr. Ben’s open space model for his Vision Threatening Diseases Screening Program
15:20- Leveraging community leaders and peer advocates to establish and maintain lasting relationships within a community
17:30- Teleophthalmology offers a unique solution to improving access to care
18:31- Artificial intelligence research offers a system to validate the impact of teleophthalmology in ocular health and facilitates funding
22:20- Artificial intelligence and telehealth trend analysis
28:00- The surprising disadvantage of portable screening equipment
31:50- What does artificial intelligence research look like?
35:00- Deep learning explained
40:30- How medical students make a difference in community health
46:00- How teleophthalmology breeds innovation
*No participants of this podcast have any financial disclosures pertaining to research, products, or equipment discussed in this episode.
My First Research Project (with Dr. Jay Sridhar)
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Jay Sridhar to learn what students should know before (or after) their first research project. Dr. Sridhar is an associate professor of clinical ophthalmology and the assistant residency program director at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. During this episode he imparts meaningful advice for all students and provides helpful tips for the research beginner.
Episode Goals:
-After this episode, medical students will understand the value of finding the right research mentor.
-After this episode, students will learn the importance of time management, setting expectations early, and having a peer mentor or colleague proofread your work.
-After this episode, students will learn simple questions to consider when preparing to write a manuscript.
Time stamps:
Part I: Intro, Icebreaker, & Life Advice
1:48- Dr. Sridhar’s hang-gliding excursion
4:28- Discussing our inner voice and Dr. Sridhar’s podcast recommendation
6:00- Dr. Sridhar’s non-ophthalmology book recommendations
7:15- Seize the day and the additions of small moments
Part II: The Research Basics
10:20- The value of finding the right research mentor
13:20- Set expectations early, articulate how much time you can give, NEVER ghost
14:40- Early skills that any student can contribute
15:30- Have a peer mentor double check your work BEFORE sending to your PI
17:35- Don’t put all your research eggs in one basket/PI
18:20- Three branches of research: basic science, translational, clinical
20:55- Authorship order
Part III: Navigating your First Project
22:35- Start with one project
24:40- Sending a “cold” email of interest to a potential PI
26:00- Case reports
26:38- What’s my target journal?
29:05- What’s my backup plan
Part IV: Research as it applies to my residency application
31:28- How many publications do I need to be a competitive ophthalmology applicant?
34:00- Don’t participate in research at the expense of other medical student responsibilities
37:20- “Good medical students = good residents”
40:13- Helpful tips
46:00- Parting advice
Introduction to Glaucoma (with Dr. Andrew Pouw) Part 2/2
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Andrew Pouw to get a broad overview of glaucoma. Dr. Pouw is a glaucoma specialist and clinical assistant professor at the University of Iowa and also the co-host of the popular ophthalmology podcast Eyes for Ears.
Episode Goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
● Acquire a general understanding of imaging tools and interpretation of visual fields and OCT
● Acquire knowledge of some pressure lowering drop mechanisms used in glaucoma management
● Acquire knowledge of laser and surgical management options for glaucoma
Time Stamps:
Limitations of perimetry - 0:50
Staging glaucoma using visual fields - 3:12
3 Questions for every visual field - 5:15
What is it? - 5:35
Is it real? - 8:26
Is this worse? - 12:34
Evidence based reliability indicies by Yohannan et al - 20:41
Which side is the nasal side in a VF print out? - 21:48
Eyes4Ears visual fields episode - 23:52
Cirrus OCT discussion - 26:24
Normal disc area and other parameters - 33:42
Neuroanatomical concordance in OCT and VF - 34:50
Discussion on pressure lowering drops - 35:47
Two categories for drops - 36:16
Glaucoma surgeries - 39:31
Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and cataract surgery - 41:30
Laser options in clinic - 42:54
Tips for medical students in the glaucoma OR - 46:34
Advice for medical students on their glaucoma rotation - 50:11
Plug for Eyes4Ears and the Buddy Call Series - 51:22
Links:
Sample 24-2 Visual Field (http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/VF-testing/VF-tutorial-6.gif)
Sample Cirrus OCT printout (https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40942-020-0208-5/MediaObjects/40942_2020_208_Fig1_HTML.png)
Yohannan et al on VF reliability indicies (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676280/)
Yohannan et al on OCT signal strength (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31648802/)
Top cap reference (not 100% absolute rules) - www.optometrystudents.com/pearl/guide-cap-colors-commonly-prescribed-drugs/
Introduction to Glaucoma (with Dr. Andrew Pouw) Part 1
Episode 10: Introduction to Glaucoma (part 1)
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Andrew Pouw to get a broad overview of glaucoma. Dr. Pouw is a glaucoma specialist and clinical assistant professor at the University of Iowa and also the co-host of the popular ophthalmology podcast Eyes for Ears.
Episode Goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
● Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for glaucoma
● Acquire knowledge of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and aqueous humor generation and drainage pathways
● Describe the common examination techniques in glaucoma
Time Stamps:
Introductions - 0:41
Eyes for ears and Dr Steven Flynn recommendation for medical students and junior residents - 2:47
What is the glaucoma subspecialty? - 3:32
Overview of aqueous humor pathways - 6:34
Can you drop IOP too low? - 9:29
Measuring IOP - 11:32
Central corneal thickness and IOP - 14:15
Why do eyes have different pressure goals? - 16:45
Pearl when to not measure IOP using Goldmann applanation tonometry - 19:17
Slit lamp exam findings in glaucoma - 19:54
Pearl about superior and inferior quadrants - 26:52
Tilted optic nerves - 30:10
GONE project - 31:55
Drance hemorrhages - 33:53
Pearl about contextualizing cup to disc ratios - 36:40
What is gonioscopy? - 37:52
Gonioscopy.org - 43:48
Links: Eyes for Ears glaucoma episodes (https://eyesforears.net/episodes/category/Glaucoma)
Introduction to Ocular Oncology (with Dr. Carol Shields)
Episode 9: Introduction to Ocular Oncology
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Carol Shields to get a broad overview of ocular oncology. Dr. Shields is Chief of the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital and Professor of Ophthalmology at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. She completed her ophthalmology training at Wills Eye and subsequently did fellowship training in ocular oncology, oculoplastic surgery, and ophthalmic pathology.
Episode Goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
● Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for ocular oncology
● Describe the common examination and imaging techniques in ocular oncology
● Describe common pathologies seen and procedures/surgeries performed in ocular oncology
Time Stamps:
Introductions - 0:30
What is ocular oncology? - 2:20
How did you discover ocular oncology? - 3:30
How can students explore ocular oncology? - 5:00
How do you become an ocular oncologist? - 6:40
Overview of eyelid tumors - 9:05
Overview of conjunctival tumors - 15:05
Overview of conjunctival tumors - 15:05
Overview of orbital tumors - 23:25
Overview of intraocular tumors - 31:06
Additional resources - 42:50
Conclusions - 44:20
Links: https://www.willseye.org/
Clinic and OR Do's and Dont's (with Dr. Rishi Gupta)
Episode 8: Clinic and OR Do's and Dont's
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Rishi Gupta to get some helpful tips that students can use when beginning a clinically or surgically based ophthalmology elective. Dr. Gupta attended medical school at University of Toronto and completed his ophthalmology residency at University of Ottawa. Following this, he completed his retina fellowship at McGill University. Dr. Gupta also has a keen interest in medical education, and has published a book called “Reflections of a Pupil” outlining his journey through medical training and practice.
Episode Goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
● Feel more comfortable in an OR setting
● Feel more comfortable in a clinical setting
Time Stamps:
Introductions - 0:30
Clinic resources and tips - 3:20
Reflections of a Pupil - 6:50
Experiences from training - 7:05
Ophthalmology OR - 8:05
Tips for being an active learner - 10:00
Experiences in the OR - 13:25
Conclusions - 14:15
Links:
Tim Root OphthoBook: https://timroot.com/ Slit lamp techniques: https://www.slideshare.net/optometristiem.lv/slit-lamp-illumination-techniques
Also be sure to check out the book, Reflections of a Pupil by Dr. Rishi Gupta!
Introduction to Neuro-ophthalmology (with Dr. Kalla Gervasio)
Episode 7: Introduction to Neuroophthalmology
Description:
In this episode, we speak with Dr. Kalla Gervasio to learn about what medical students should know before their first neuro-ophthalmology clinic and OR. Dr. Gervasio completed her ophthalmology residency at Wills Eye Hospital where she was selected as Chief Resident and Text Editor of the newest edition of the Wills Eye Manual.
Episode Goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
- Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the neuro-ophthalmology subspecialty.
- Describe the common examination and imaging techniques in the neuro-ophthalmology clinic
- Describe common pathologies seen and procedures/surgeries performed on the neuro-ophthalmology service.
Time Stamps:
Introductions - 0:30
What is Neuroophthalmology - 4:00
Tips for medical students - 7:30
Overview of anatomy - 9:15
Common examination techniques - 15:00
Minor procedures - 21:00
Blepherospasm - 21:30
Common pathologies to review before starting - 23:30
Origins of interest in neuroophthalmology - 30:00
Common questions on rotations - 33:00
Links:
Tim Root OphthoBook: https://timroot.com/ Slit lamp techniques: https://www.slideshare.net/optometristiem.lv/slit-lamp-illumination-techniques
Introduction to Cornea (with Dr. Jimmy Hu)
Description:
This week, we talk about the cornea subspecialty for the medical student learner with Dr. Jimmy Hu who is a private practice attending who also is an instructor at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary.
Episode goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
- Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the cornea subspecialty
- Describe the common examination and imaging techniques for the cornea
- Describe common pathologies seen and procedures/surgeries performed on the cornea service
Time stamps:
3:03 What is the cornea subspecialty and what makes it unique?
6:18 Brief overview of anatomy of the cornea
10:20 An intro to dye drops
13:01 Brief intro to corneal topography
14:03 What is regular versus irregular astigmatism?
17:25 An aside on keratoconus and Steph Curry
20:15 Working up corneal ulcers
27:21 Most common corneal surgeries
28:30 Corneal transplant surgeries (PK vs DALK, DMEK vs DSEK)
34:50 Dr.Hu’s advice for medical students in the OR
40:00 Dr.Hu’s youtube channel and patient info sheets
Links:
- Tim Root OphthoBook: https://timroot.com/
- Slit lamp techniques: https://www.slideshare.net/optometristiem.lv/slit-lamp-illumination-techniques
- Corneal ulcer example: https://www.reviewofcontactlenses.com/article/no-pain-no-gain
- Dr. Hu’s youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7TWhyT-YahM_nJQUq41A2A
- Dr. Hu's patient infographs (to be added!)
Introduction to Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (with Dr. Angeline Nguyen)
Description:
This week, we talk about the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus sub-specialty for the medical student learner with Dr. Angeline Nguyen from the University of Southern California.
Episode goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
- Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the pediatric ophthalmology subspecialty
- Describe the pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity and when to screen newborns
- Describe the difference between amblyopia and strabismus and related treatment options
Time stamps:
3:08 What is the connection between strabismus and pediatric ophthalmology?
4:30 Favorite aspects of pediatric ophthalmology and dispelling misconceptions
8:18 Most common reasons for patients to see a pediatric ophthalmologist
9:34 General advice and practical tips for a medical student rotating on pediatric ophthalmology
13:12 Retinopathy of prematurity introduction
17:00 The ROP exam
19:43 Treatment options for ROP
20:18 When to screen (30 weeks 1500 grams)
21:18 Amblyopia & Strabismus
25:42 Breaking down some of the jargon around gaze deviations
29:22 Clarifying misconceptions on tropias and phorias
30:50 Key parts of history for strabismus
31:38 The impact of verbal staging on examination
34:30 When to treat to prevent amblyopia
35:14 Surgical treatment options for strabismus
36:17 Botox for strabismus
38:20 The pediatric ophthalmology OR as a medical student
39:22 Final takeaways
40:30 Plug for Dr. Sudha Nallasamy at CHLA’s upcoming work
Links:
Who Moved My Cheese - https://bookshop.org/books/who-moved-my-cheese-an-a-mazing-way-to-deal-with-change-in-your-work-and-in-your-life/9780399144462
Tim Root Website - https://timroot.com/
AAO simulators - https://www.aao.org/interactive
Botox in strabismus - https://eyewiki.aao.org/Botulinum_Toxin_Use_In_Strabismus
Sticker chart for kids - https://ortopadusa.com/product-category/shop/reward-posters/
Introduction to Retina (with Dr. Benjamin Young)
Hello everyone, this was our first episode that we recorded so the format is slightly different, but we hope you enjoy it and find it educational all the same!
Description:
This week, we talk about the retina sub-speciality for the medical student learner with Dr. Benjamin Young from the University of Michigan.
Episode goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
- Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the retina subspecialty
- Describe the common examination and imaging techniques for the posterior segment.
- Describe common pathologies seen and procedures/surgeries performed on the retina service.
Time stamps:
0:55 What is retina subspecialty and what makes it unique?
3:14 Favorite aspects of retina subspecialty
4:27 Different methods of examining the posterior segment
12:46 Tips for indirect ophthalmoscopy and examining posterior segment
19:48 Common in-office procedures
23:38 Other procedures like PRP and laser retinopexy
27:00 What is a vitrectomy and when to perform
32:03 First time OR tips
32:57 Takeaways: top skills to practice
34:00 Closing remarks
Links:
- Eyes For Ears Podcast: https://eyesforears.net/
- Tim Root OphthoBook: https://timroot.com/
- EyeRounds: https://eyerounds.org/
- EyeWiki: https://eyewiki.org/Main_Page
- OCT anatomy review: https://www.octscans.com/anatomy-review.html
- EyeGuru OCT Essentials: https://eyeguru.org/essentials/interpreting-octs/
Introduction to Oculoplastics (with Dr. Andrea Tooley)
Description:
This week, we talk about oculoplastics for the medical student learner with Dr. Andrea Tooley from the Mayo Clinic.
Episode goals:
After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
- Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the oculoplastics subspecialty
- Describe the common examination and imaging techniques in oculoplastics clinic
- Describe common pathologies seen and procedures/surgeries performed on the oculoplastics service.
Time stamps:
2:59 What is oculoplastics and what makes it unique?
4:40 Tips for first-time medical learners in oculoplastics
7:30 Top anatomical structures to learn and know
11:12 Common examination techniques and skills to learn
19:19 In office or minor procedures
22:17 Related rotations/topics for oculoplastics
29:20 A brief aside on Teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease
31:45 Approach to eyelid lumps and bumps
36:12 Common surgeries in the oculoplastics OR
46:40 Surgeries performed outside academic centers
48:42 First time OR tips
51:32 Takeaways
53:34 Closing remarks
Links:
- Practical Ophthalmology Text: https://store.aao.org/practical-ophthalmology-8th-edition.html
- Eyes for Ears Podcast: https://eyesforears.net/
- AAO Oculoplastics Education Center (images of eyelid lumps and bumps): https://www.aao.org/oculoplastics-center/oculoplastics-education-center
- AAO Careers in Ophthalmology Oculoplastics Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wswGbU8ZUpU
Introduction to Ophthalmology ED Consults (with Dr. Grayson Armstrong)
Description:
This week, we talk about ophthalmology emergencies and ED consults with Dr. Grayson Armstrong from Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Episode goals:
After listening to this episode, listeners should be able to:
- Appreciate the breadth of common ophthalmic emergencies and trauma
- Present a basic workup and have a differential for common ophthalmic complaints presenting to the ED
Time stamps:
2:30 How common are eye emergencies?
3:45 What are some of your favorite parts of ophthalmology?
4:47 What do you enjoy most about managing eye emergencies?
5:56 Benign and worst case scenario for the AAO’s 6 causes of urgent referral for ophthalmology
9:23 Red flags and what information you should always get when evaluating a patient
12:39 The outside-in approach for working up ocular trauma patients
14:10 Lid lacs at the medical student level
15:52 Exam techniques when working up vision loss
17:47 Painful vision loss differential and assessment
20:20 Orbital compartment syndrome tidbits
22:00 Painless vision loss
24:45 Red eye
28:36 Takeaways and tips for eye ED consults
Links:
Tim Root’s website - https://timroot.com/
AAO medical student website - https://www.aao.org/medical-students
AAO White Paper for things medical students should know - https://www.aao.org/Assets/edca7d7c-ccb0-4b97-bca4-66b4328a91fc/637157338302800000/appendix-of-ms-white-paper-with-links-pdf?inline=1
Video of cell and flare - https://timroot.com/cell-and-flare-in-the-eye-video/
Ophthalmic Edge Acronym app (great resource for rotations!!)- https://ophthalmicedge.org/physician/ophthalmic-acronyms-app-available-now/#
Eye Tea Official Twitter - https://twitter.com/eyeteaofficial?lang=en
Introduction to Comprehensive Ophthalmology (with Dr. Thomas Oetting)
Goal of episode: After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to:
Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice in comprehensive ophthalmology
Describe the basic work-up for an eye patient and “vital signs” of the eye
Understand the basic functions of the slit lamp
Describe some key patient considerations when evaluating cataracts
Time stamps:
4:15 What is comprehensive ophthalmology?
7:59 Is there anything you recommend medical students should brush up on before their first day in comprehensive ophthalmology?
13:15 What can medical students do in comprehensive ophthalmology clinic that you have found helpful or useful, that was also beneficial for student learning?
23:20 Thoughts on the “vital signs of the eye”
33:00 A brief aside on hippus
35:58 Pearls and pitfalls for the slit lamp exam
43:10 Insight on cataract evaluation
52:05 Approaching the cataract OR
59:49 Takeaways
1:03:00 Closing remarks
Links:
Basic Eye Exam (including slit lamp) - webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas-video/basic-eye-exam.htm
Cataract surgery for greenhorns - eyerounds.org/tutorials/cataract-oetting.htm
AAO Careers in Ophthalmology: Comprehensive Ophthalmology www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vHrwcKk9S8
Hippus by Stanley Thompson: jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/575589
lensophthalmology.com/the-lens-pod
twitter.com/TheLens_oph
Introduction to The Lens Pod
In episode 0 of season 1 of The Lens Pod, we introduce the podcast hosts - Chris Le, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Sunil Ruparelia, and Emily Xu - and discuss the goals of the podcast, and give a peak behind the scenes and some things to look forward to with the rest of our inaugural season.